ch 6 discussion
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Jan 9, 2024
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1.
look at historical trends and changes, and how these have shaped the way
we understand and experience the present. Let’s look at how the laws and
policies regarding hate crimes have changed over time, and how these
changes have affected the way these crimes are understood and
responded to. Consider how societal attitudes towards marginalized
groups have changed over time, and how this has influenced the way the
crimes are experienced and perceived.
2.
Evaluate the roles of the different public policy actors
who participate in the creation of criminal justice
policy
There are a number of different public policy actors who play a role in the
creation of criminal justice policy, including the legislative branch, the
executive branch, and the judicial branch. The legislative branch, which
includes Congress and state legislatures, creates laws that define and
prohibit certain criminal behavior. The executive branch, which includes
the president and state governors, is responsible for enforcing these laws.
The judicial branch, which includes the Supreme Court and state courts,
interprets and applies the law. Each of these branches has a different role
in shaping criminal justice policy.
Discussion
The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), passed in 2003, is an example of a
departmental policy effort to address a public policy issue. PREA created a set of
guidelines for correctional facilities to follow to prevent and respond to sexual
assault in prisons and jails. The Department of Justice has overseen putting
PREA into action and ensuring compliance with the criteria. This is an example
of a policy endeavor to address the enormous public policy issue of sexual
assault in prisons and jails.
(National PREA Resource Center, n.d.)
There is frequently a substantial gap between popular views of criminality and
crime actuality. For example, despite evidence to the contrary, many individuals
feel that crime is on the rise. This perception can have an impact on public
policy, with elected officials developing and implementing policies to combat the
perceived increase in crime. However, these policies may lack evidence or data
and may be ineffective in addressing the actual difficulties that political players
face. Policymakers must analyze the realities of crime and evidence-based
strategies to combat it rather than merely responding to public impressions.
(Routley, 2019)
The presence of various actors in the criminal justice system can have both
beneficial and harmful consequences for the public. On the plus side, it can
foster a diversity of viewpoints and approaches, resulting in more innovative and
successful solutions. It can also serve as a check and balance on the power of
any one person or organization. On the negative side, because different players
may have different priorities or approaches, it can lead to confusion and
inefficiency. As a result, policies may be disjointed and fail to achieve the desired
impact.
(Layne, n.d.)
Some examples of how multiple actors have affected the policy process include:
- The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the aftermath of
the September 11th terrorist attacks. The DHS was created to coordinate the
efforts of several different agencies, including the FBI, the Department of
Justice, and the Department of Defense. However, the process of coordinating
these agencies has been challenging, and there have been criticisms that the
DHS has not been as effective as it could be. - The creation of the Office of
National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in the 1980s. (Department of Homeland
Security, 2015)
REFERENCES
References
Department of Homeland Security. (2015, September 24).
Creation of the Department of
Homeland Security
. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/creation-
department-homeland-security
Gau, J. M. (2018). Criminal Justice Policy. Oxford University Press Academic US.
https://mbs.direct.vitalsource.com/books/9780190859442
Layne, J. (n.d.).
20 PROS AND CONS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
.
National PREA Resource Center. (n.d.).
Prison Rape Elimination Act | PREA
.
Www.prearesourcecenter.org.
https://www.prearesourcecenter.org/about/prison-rape-elimination-act
Obama, B. (2017, January 5).
The President’s Role in Advancing Criminal Justice Reform
. Harvard Law
Review.
https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/the-presidents-role-in-advancing-criminal-justice-
reform/
Routley, N. (2019, February 5).
The Crime Rate Perception Gap
. Visual Capitalist.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/crime-rate-perception-gap/
The Politics of Criminal Justice
. (2017). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526420008
RESPONSE
Several approaches can aid in the avoidance of contradictory policies developed by numerous players.
First and foremost, all parties concerned must communicate clearly and consistently. This can help to
guarantee that everyone is working toward the same objective and is aware of other people's rules.
Second, a structure for coordinating policy initiatives, such as a central organization or committee that
oversees all policies linked to the same topic, is essential. Finally, it is critical to have a framework in
place for assessing the impact of policies and adjusting as appropriate.
A few potential citations from the textbook Criminal Justice Policy Origins and
Effectiveness that could be used to support these points include: - "The
Multiplicity of Criminal Justice Actors" (Chapter 2) - "The Public Policy Process"
(Chapter 3) - "Coordinating Policies and Agencies" (Chapter 4) These chapters
provide a good overview of the different actors involved in criminal justice
policymaking, the policy process, and the challenges of coordinating policies
across multiple agencies. They also provide specific examples of how these
issues have played out in the real world.
Some examples of how multiple actors have affected the policy process include:
- The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the aftermath of
the September 11th terrorist attacks. The DHS was created to coordinate the
efforts of several different agencies, including the FBI, the Department of
Justice, and the Department of Defense. However, the process of coordinating
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these agencies has been challenging, and there have been criticisms that the
DHS has not been as effective as it could be. - The creation of the Office of
National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in the 1980s.
Yes, both examples are discussed in the textbook. The creation of the DHS is
covered in Chapter 2, and the creation of the ONDCP is covered in Chapter 6,
"Policies for Drug Control and Treatment." In addition to these specific examples,
the textbook also provides several case studies of specific policies, such as the
Violence Against Women Act, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, and
the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program. These case studies
provide a detailed look at how these policies were developed and how they have
been implemented.
Our textbook gives a complete review of the policy process and its implications.
Discussing a wide range of policies as well as the actors involved in their
creation and implementation. It emphasizes the difficulties and constraints of
governing in the criminal justice system.
Chapter 5, "Policy Evaluation," provides several examples of how policies have
been evaluated and the impact they have had. For example, it cites the work of
researchers like Lipsey and Wilson, who have studied the impact of correctional
programs on recidivism rates. It also cites studies on the effectiveness of drug
treatment programs and the impact of policies like CompStat and community
policing.
References
Gau, J. M. (2019).
Criminal justice policy : origins and effectiveness
. Oxford University Press.
Obama, B. (2017, January 5).
The President’s Role in Advancing Criminal Justice Reform
.
Harvard Law Review. https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/the-presidents-role-in-
advancing-criminal-justice-reform/
The Politics of Criminal Justice
. (2017). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526420008