Phi 237 - Practice Exam 3 Fall 2023 McMahan, Dworkin, Veatch, Velleman, Sandel Answers

Actual Exam #3 Fall 2022 – Death, Organ Transplants, Disability McMahan on Death 1P. The criterion of death provides: a. the meaning of death b. bedside tests for death c. the symptoms for death D . necessary and sufficient conditions for death True 2P . The Dead Donor Rule states that vital organs should not be taken from the living as that will kill the donor. False 3P Assuming that the Dead Donor Rule is kept in place, more viable organs for transplant will be made available with the whole brain criterion than the upper brain criterion. True 4P. Advocates of abandoning the Dead Donor Rule do so because they believe the permanently unconscious were harmed by whatever caused their mindlessness and so death is not a further harm False 5P McMahan believes that the word ‘death’ is univocal. False 6P . McMahan believes that Terry Schiavo’s animal (organism) died with the onset of a persistent vegetative state but her person continued to live for years Truth 7P . The traditional criterion was the circulatory/respiratory criterion but it has been replaced by the whole brain death criterion in recent decades. True 8P. McMahan believes that Shewmon has shown that the functioning of the brain is not essential to the life of the human animal. True 9P . McMahan believes that rare cases of conjoined twins (e.g. Hensels) involve two persons who are distinct parts of the same human animal 10P. McMahan believes that the upper brain transplant thought experiment indicates that: a. human organisms and human persons are identical B . human persons cannot be identical to human organisms c. human organisms are parts of human persons d. human persons can have divided minds. Veatch and Pitt on Presumed Consent 11P. An “opting out” system like Presumed Consent: 1

A. assumes people want to donate their organs unless they take measures to retain them b. renders taking one’s organs to the grave the default position c. introduces a double veto that block organ donation d. allows doctors to assume that incompetent patients want to receive organ transplants. 12P . Veatch and Pitt compare presumed consent to presumed treatment and judge a. both to be justified b. both to be unjustified C. the former to be objectionable because it violates people’s wishes far more often than the latter. d. both to be equally good at minimizing the violations of the bodily integrity of those who are no longer competent 13P. Veatch and Pitt believe that Presumed Consent A . will too frequently take organs from people who didn’t register their opposition to donate b. will increase solidarity because it communicates a moral responsibility to our fellow citizens c. will respect autonomy for no one is forced to give up their organs d. is a better policy than mandated choice. False 14P . Veatch and Pitt want to change the current US organ policy from one of presumed consent to one which people must opt in to donate her organs True 15P Veatch and Pitt believe that opting in policies will do a better job than presumed consent policies in guaranteeing that organs are only taken from those who want to donate True 16P Defenders of Presumed Consent claim that it will more often respect the wishes of the deceased regarding the fate of their organs than will an opting in policy. True 17P . The Double Veto policy would allow the wishes of the deceased to donate to be overridden by their families’ preferences. True 18P . Presumed Consent differs in principle from Routine Salvage policies for only the former assumes that the person who didn’t opt out was in favor of donating organs 2

D . all of the above 27P. The mere-difference view of disability maintains that the disabled: A . would tend to have the same level of well-being as the non-disabled if it were not for ableism b. would tend to have less well-being than the able-bodied even in the absence of ableism c. will die sooner than the able-bodied d. should be cured whether they want to be or not 28P. The bad-difference view of disability maintains that the disabled: a. would have the same level of well-being as the non-disabled if it was not for ableism B . will tend to have less well-being than the able-bodied even in the absence of ableism c. will flourish as much as the able-bodied if society makes efforts at improving accessibility d. should be cured whether they want to be or not True 29P . Barnes argues that transition or adaptation costs provide a reason not to impose disabilities on adults that is independent of whether disabilities are mere or bad differences True 30P Barnes’ paper is a response to the objection that if disability is a mere difference then that entails it is permissible to cause someone to be disabled and it is impermissible to cure the disabled True 31P . Barnes believes that there are non-interference principles which block the entailment from the mere difference account of disability to the permissibility of inducing a disability in a child. False 32P . Barnes believes that parents should not interfere in their children’s lives when those interferences impact their identity or sense of self. True 33P. Barnes believes that most people are opposed to imposing disabilities upon others because they hold a bad-difference view of disability 4