Phi 237 - Practice Exam #4 Organ Procurement - Iltis and Dworkin
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Practice Exam #4 - Organ Procurement, Ana Iltis, Gerald Dworkin
True 1. Defenders of Presumed Consent
claim that it will more often respect
the wishes of the deceased regarding the fate of their organs than will our current opting in
policy.
True2. The Double Veto policy would allow the wishes of the deceased to donate to be overridden by their families’ preferences.
True3
. Advocates of a preferred status policy believe that it is fairer than our present system because it prohibits free riders who take organs but won’t give organs
True4. Some opponents of Presumed Consent believe that it is a worse mistake to take organs from those who didn’t want to donate than it is to fail to take organs from those who do want to donate
True5
. If organ conscription is analogous in the morally relevant way to mandatory autopsies then consistency demands that they both be banned or
both be permitted
True6
. If you advocate that everyone filling out their taxes register their support or opposition to donating their organs, then you are a supporter of a mandated choice
policy. True7. The present policy in the US is that one must opt in
if one wants to become an organ donor while the policy of Presumed Consent is that one must opt out
to avoid donation. 8. Presumed Consent differs from Routine Salvage in that only Presumed Consent assumes a. that the deceased earlier did not officially opt out because they wanted to
donate. b. that the deceased earlier didn’t care what happened to their bodies at death c. that the deceased earlier were aware of the policy and how to register d. that the deceased earlier explicitly expressed their willingness to donate
9. An “opting out” system like presumed consent
a. assumes people want to donate their organs unless they take measures to
retain them
b. makes taking one’s organs to the grave the default position
c. introduces a double veto that blocks organ donation d. allows doctors to assume that incompetent patients want to receive
organ
transplants. 1
10. Dworkin advocates a market in organs because: a. it is most effective to distribute organs to those willing to pay the most for them
b. it is immoral for patients to take their organs with them to the grave when others could use them
c. people no longer own their body after death when their property is transferred to their heirs. d. it allows persons to exercise sovereignty over their body and increase their well-being
11
. Dworkin argues against the claim that organ sales split the body on the grounds that:
a. we live in a capitalist society that allows us to alienate our property
b. his reasoning undermines the legitimacy of the donation
of organs. c. it is wasteful to let organs decay in a corpse rather than be transplanted to the living
d. we are trustees rather than the owners of our bodies
Flase
12
. Dworkin argues that since we allow a market in everything else but organs, it is inconsistent for our society to ban only organ sales. Flase13
Dworkin claims that one’s dignity is diminished if one’s body parts are commodified.
True 14
Dworkin claims that the risks to live kidney donors/sellers are exaggerated for such procedures are actually no greater a threat than a 35-
year old driving 16 miles every day to work Flase15. Dworkin is opposed to any regulation of the market price in both the acquisition and distribution of organs.
True16
. Dworkin claims that it is no more wrong for people to permanently
alter their bodies via organ sales than it is to voluntarily become sterile or undergo breast reduction.
True17
. Dworkin points out that the Kantian-inspired objection voiced by Charles Fried to organ sales would mean that even the current practice of selling one’s hair is immoral
Flase18
. Dworkin believes that the state should allow citizens to sell their organs to the highest bidder for it will be efficient and improve the health and well-being of the populace True19
.
Dworkin claims that autonomy and bodily integrity are respected by allowing people to sell their organs.
2
Flase20
. Dworkin argues that only bodily parts that can be replaced like sperm and gametes and blood should be commodified
True21
. Dworkin says that if the poor are considered too impoverished to voluntarily sell their organs, then they should also be banned from taking risky jobs (army, construction). 21. Dworkin’s response to the claim organ sales by the poor aren’t voluntarily is that:
a. poverty need not prevent a sale from being voluntary b. it would mean the poor couldn’t contract to be employed in dangerous jobs like the army c. prohibiting such sales would be paternalistic in the extreme. d. all of the above True22
. Dworkin rejects Charles Fried’s argument that organ sales involve”
a shameful splitting of the body” on the grounds that such claim prohibits organ donations as well
True23
. Dworkin believes that there are more objections to organ sales from the living than the dead, so if he can successfully defend the former than his defense will work for the latter. True24
. Iltis mentions that overriding the deceased’s will distress others who then fear that their wishes too will be overridden when they die True25
. Iltis argues that the current system for obtaining first-person authorization (FPA) don’t instill confidence that people who give FPA always
prioritize donation over their family’s interests.
Flase26 Iltis suspects that a 16-year old getting a driver’s license who is asked to be a donor has the relevant knowledge to give informed consent.
27. Iltis fears that the youngster at the DMV asked to be an organ donor is unaware:
a. of how to later register that she has changed her mind about donation
b. of the possibility of changes to the timing of her death done to facilitate organ procurement
c. that loved ones may not have enough time to grieve before the body is taken for organ removal d. All of the above True28. Iltis believes that sometimes the family objection actually reflects what the deceased’s wishes would be in that unique situation
3
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True29 The rejection of the family veto has been defended on the basis of respecting the wishes of the deceased to donate and limiting the number of people who die from organ failure. 30. Iltis criticizes the existing DMV system on the grounds that it does not: a. distinguish a willingness to donate from a deep desire to donate b. rank preferences
c. recognize that there are circumstances in which one would donate and circumstances in which one would not d all of the above 31 Iltis claims that those asked to check a box in favor of donation are likely ignorant of: a. the pre-mortem interventions that may be done to their body to prepare it
for successful organ removal and transplant
b. how the timing of their death may come later as the body is maintained longer for organ donation
c. the implications for the family being present at the time of the death d.
all of the above Flase32. Iltis claimed that it was a myth that the donor’s body might be moved from the hospital to a donation facility.
33
. The thought experiment where the large corpse was used to stop the runaway trolley from killing innocents on the tracks was designed to undermine the claim that:
a. the deceased should be able to refuse to give their organs
b. the family should be allowed to override the wishes of the deceased to donate
c. respect for the integrity of the dead person’s body was more important than saving lives
d. all of the above
Extra Credit Question
34. Iltis worries that potential donors are unaware that donation may
involve:
a. CPR being done to their brain-dead body in order to preserve organs for transplantation b. their body being temporarily withdrawn from life support in order to determine whether they will satisfy the donation after circulatory death (DCD) protocols. 4
c. their body being temporarily withdrawn to discover if brain death is imminent d.
all of the above
5