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LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 Critical analysis of Black Lives matter By; Rue Madzorera Professor : Anita Grace Department of Law and legal studies Summer 2020 1. An Organizational Analysis

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 a. What are the goals or the mandate of this group? The Black live matter movement has various goals that they focus on, the first goal consist of ; engaging the community in the electoral elections. Millions of african americans are repressed within the democratic process. Data reports show that Black voters tipped the balance in the 2018 midterm elections. The next goals that this group aims to achieve is; educating pur constituent about candidates and issues that impact the black communities. BLM dig deep into systematic and other communities that impact them the most. While also striving to hold the people responsible for curtains issues accountable. Another goal that this group engages in , is to promote voter registration among generation Z , the black community and other people who support them. Their aim for 2020 is to cause a demographic shift. In other words , for the coming up election non-white citizens will account for a third of votes and one in ten voters will be members of generation Z. Aside from these three main points , this movement focuses on , racial injustice, police brutality , criminal justice reform, black immigration, government corruption, economic injustice, and many more issues that affect the lives of African americans. The Black Lives Matter is seen more as a human rights movement rather than a civil rights movement, due to the fact that they focus less on changing specific law, And more about fighting for a fundamental reordering of society. They aim for a society where blacks' lives are free from systematic, dehumanization , political and legal bias. 1 b. How and when was it founded? On february , 2013 a young african american boy by the name of treyvon matter was murder, The murderer Geogre Zimmerman was not held accountable for his actions that were 1 6 Years Strong. (2019, September 10). Retrieved June 08, 2020, from https://blacklivesmatter.com/six-years- strong/

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 clearly a display of a hate crime. Patrice Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi who were california and new york organizer that in engage in incarceration , immigration and domestic labor campaigns, created the Twitter hashtag # blackLivesMatter as an online community to help combat racism from across the globe. During the Ferguson and Missouri uprising against police brutality in 2014, the slogan began to have deeper significance as a resuscitate cry for an incipient movement. The Black Lives Matter movement later developed into a labor force of a wide range of black Liberations organizations such as; black youth project 100 , the dream defender and assata's daughters. 2 c. What types of strategies or campaigns does this group use? Cultural Movement Black Lives Matter is notorious for the use of “ Mediated Movement.” which refers to a social movement that operates through the use of social media. By using the tools of social media, #BlackLivesMatter became the first U.S social movement in history to successfully use the internet as a mass mobilization device. It managed to help other Hashtags to emerge into social media. Such as; #MeToo , #NeverAgain and #TimeUp Political strategies One of the main strategies that the black lives matter movement uses to ensure that change in systematic racism is by influencing people to use politics to enact change. Groups such as Assata’s daughter were able to cause Anita Awarez to lose her r-elections bid for cook county prosecutor. This happened because Ms. Awarez had failed to charge a police officer who was responsible for shooting sixty- eight people to death. Angela Corey , who is infamous for failing 2 Rickford, Russell. “Black Lives Matter: Toward a Modern Practice of Mass Struggle.” New Labor Forum 25.1 (2016): 34–42. Web.

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LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 to convict Trayvon Martin murderer , George Zimmerman . Despite this she went through with convicting Marissa Alexander, an african american woman, for firing warning shots at her abusive ex-boyfriend even though she had not harmed anyone. The Florida “ dream defender'' and others were able to get her to resign as state attorney. The movement has even taught students to use such strategies. Students in Missouri who were part of the “ concerned student 1950 movement.” were able to get the president of the University of Missouri to resign due to his failure to address racism within the campus. The black Lives Matter movement managed to force the democrats party to reconstruct their national platform to include issues such as; criminal justice reform. The movement also helps to ensure that black leftist organizers are elected into office. For instance , they help guarantee that activist “ Chakwe Lumumba “ was elected to become the mayor of Jackson, Mississippi. Another amazing political means that they were able to accomplish was being able to release four unprecedented U.S department of justice reports that verify the widespread presences of police corruption in Baltimore , Chicago ,Cleveland and Ferguson. The movement's ability to achieve such massive improvement in so little time truly is astonishing. 3 2. A Review of the Organizational Field a. How is this group similar or different from other groups working on the same issues? Black Lives Matter movement Vs Civil rights movement Although being more than fifty years apparent both movements share some similarities. Both social movements revolve around the liberation of Black people, as well as the fact that both 3 Roberts, F. L. (2019, August 22). How Black Lives Matter Changed the Way Americans Fight for Freedom. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.aclu.org/blog/racial-justice/race-and-criminal-justice/how-black-lives- matter-changed-way-americans-fight

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 have received criticism from their elders Both protests escalated to the point where nations; guards were present. However for the BLM this escalation was the result of the death of George Floyd, wherelse the civil right movement was a result of the working conditions for blacks. In 2020 protesters demonstrated a peaceful protest consisting of a sign for george floyd in west hollywood , wherelse in the same demonstration of peaceful protest with signs can be found in 1968. However this protest was for civil rights legislation and jobs for americans. Both Movement use similar tacts for voicing out their opinion but different reasons 4 b. What are some of the key social, legal or political challenges related to these issues? Incarceration and Marginalization On poor African American men The United States holds Just five percent of the world population , however they account for twenty-five percent of the world prison population. 2.5 million adults are currently incarcerated while 7.5 million are under correctional supervision. 5 In terms of explaining the overrepresentation of African American men in prison , Cultural imperialism comes into play. It refers to structural institutional relations that delimit people's material lives. The dominant group in society pushes their culture and norms onto the inferior groups in society. It causes instability and oppression for those experiencing it, since they find themselves often being given a label from the dominant group. 6 For instance, evidence finds that african american and caucasians had a drug usage rate that is roughly even. However the media portrays blacks as heavy users, this labelling of african american had an impact on congress decision to wage a war on drugs. This 4 Grindell, S. (2020, June 02). Photos show how the Black Lives Matter protests compare to civil rights demonstrations in the 1960s. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.insider.com/photos-compare-black-lives- matter-protests-to-civil-rights-protests-2020-6 5 NEKIMA LEVY-POUNDS n. “VULNERABLE POPULATION: PAR FOR THE COURSE?: EXPLORING THE IMPACTS OF INCARCERATION AND MARGINALIZATION ON POOR BLACK MEN IN THE U.S.” 14 (2013): 29–309. Print 6 Young 1990 “Five Faces of Oppression” 39-65

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 resulted in lengthy prison sentences for low-level drug crimes , due to the implementation of harsh federal sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimum sentencing. This significant shift on drug war policies and laws had a disproportionate impact on Blacks US citizens The reason explaining why African American were more likely to come into contact with the criminal justice system. Is due to the fact that poor Black american have experienced racial discrimination and inequalities that result in exclusion in the labor market. This produces an outcome of high poverty and unemployment rates. Having lower education and unemployment rates increases their participation in crimes that involve drug trafficking for survival. If we look at Detroit Michigan decline in the labor market, inadequate access to quality education and employment rates African american make up most of that decline, their unemployment rate is fifty percent , as well as being followed by high rates of involvement in the criminal justice system. African American women also are affected by these news laws. Mothers and women who have dated dealers , and perhaps have had peripheral involvement in drug trafficking, are often held accountable for all drugs that were sold by a specific drug ring. This resulted in tens of thousands of black women spending decades behind bars. The incarceration and marginalization of African Americans has some serious social impact on the black communities. African American mothers are left without a husband and their children are deprived of having a father.This deprives the family of economic stability. Due to the cultural imperialism of black being drugs addicts , the children are assumed to be crack babies and born to be criminals.This result in them receiving harsh punishment at school that results in them being put into the juvenile system for offences that should have been a simple suspension, this forces them into the criminal justice system. The men are affected by it , because once they exit

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LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 prison it is difficult for them to seek employment since they have a criminal record. Which results in them engaging in criminal activities, resulting in this vicious cycle of incarceration and marginalization. 7 c. Who supports and who opposes the work of this group? And what does that support or opposition look like? Opposition: All Lives Matter Black Lives Matter is meant to be interpreted as “ Black Lives Matter Too,” however other movement groups such as “ All Lives Matter,” interpret it as “ Only Black Lives matter.” Which is highly incorrect and is a prime example of colour-blindness, which can contribute to racial inequality unintentionally. This paper does not aim to bash the “ All Live Matter Movement.” The people involved in this movement simply based their ideology on common sense that everyone is aware of. Which is “Of course black lives matter and so does all other lives,” However the movement fails to understand the racial discrimination in most society that BLM aims to teach. Both movements represent their own ideology , due to this various debates between the movements are displayed on social media. This increases racial tension between parties 8 . Support:Brands & companies Protests of Black Lives Matter have Been Forming all across the world , due to the injustice of George Floyd Death. Many Companies and Brands have chosen to speak up on social media in support of the movement. Many of these brands have chosen to donate to organizational groups such as “ Reclaims the Block,” “ The Bails Projects.” As well as many more. Micheal Jordan has 7 NEKIMA LEVY-POUNDS n. “VULNERABLE POPULATION: PAR FOR THE COURSE?: EXPLORING THE IMPACTS OF INCARCERATION AND MARGINALIZATION ON POOR BLACK MEN IN THE U.S.” 14 (2013): 29–309. Prin 8 Ashley Atkins (2019) Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter ? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice*, Social Epistemology, 33:1, 1-22, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2018.148387

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 announced a 100 million dollar donation towards racial inequality causes. As well as many celebrities such as kim kardashian and MArk Waluberg using their social media platform to speak up about issues affecting blacks 9 3. An Assessment of Academic Significance a. How might issues discussed in the course inform our understanding of this group? Human rights in its own way can be looked at as a cultural system , it consists of limited enforcement operations. In order words, human right laws are a matter of being able to persuade. Hence why the art of protesting and social media is a common way that black lives matter uses in order to persuade for equal treatment of african americans. Liberal values are sometimes not extended equally. Therefore we as humans have the right to question and not obey unjust laws. We have the right to oppose unfair treatment. b. How might this group define human rights or social justice? Black Lives matter goes about explaining social injustice , by looking at the systematic issues that arise towards blacks due to history of racial discrimination and dehuminization. The organization is able to define social injustice by looking at the incarceration of black as well as the marginalization of them. They take a deep look at how laws that are enforced are unnecessary. excessive police force as well as the laws that enforce lengthy sentences for minor offences , and look at how they create social injustice for blacks. Social injustice in their case is defined from social injustice that are created through the American legal system , as well as looking at who benefits from them. This is where this form of black protectionism is developed 9 Williams, C. (2020, June 05). 54 Brands Taking Action and Donating to Support the Black Lives Matter Movement. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.popsugar.com/brands-donating-to-black-lives-matter- movement-47521085

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 in order to combat against the social injustice target towards africans americans. It can be described as a survival strategy. 10 4. An Assessment of Broader Significance a. Why is this group important? And to whom is it important? SIUE students and faculty explained that The significance of Black Lives Matter movement is the fact that it is able to spread awareness and highlight the importance of African American Lives , as well as making people start thinking deeply about racial issues that can occur world wide. It makes people question the criminal justice system and argue that it needs to be reformed in order to insure equality for all without bias or prejudice. If police officers could be trained how to handle situations without the need of excessive force or guns then more lives could be saved instead of lost. There are many incidents where a taser would have been more appropriate. 11 Black Lives have a huge impact on how the electoral system in the states will turn out. In the journal article “ Black lives matter: Differential mortality and the racial composition of the U.S. electorate, 1970–2004. The authors go on to explain how excess mortality reduces the 2004 black voting community by 1.7 millions of people. During the 2004 election Kerry lost almost a million black votes while Bush lost a hundred thousand black votes due to African Americans deaths. Death of colour people destroys the political voices of black individuals , the elections of seven senates and eleven state governors could have been reversed. Ensuring that everyone is able to vote can promise more governments that are focused on equality for all lives, not just one person's life. 12 The group is not just important towards black people, but for every 10 Russel-Brown, Katheryn. “Critical Black Protectionism, Black Lives Matter, and Social Media: Building a Bridge to Social Justice.” Howard Law Journal 60.2 (2017): n. pag. Print. 11 “ SIUE Students, Faculty and Staff Discuss the Importance of the Black Lives Matter Movement.” University Wire 21 Jan. 2016. Web. 12 Rodriguez, Javier M. et al. “Black Lives Matter: Differential Mortality and the Racial Composition of the U.S. Electorate, 1970-2004.” Social Science & Medicine 136-137 (2015): n. pag. Print.

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LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 person that has been oppressed. Serious analysis of racial capitalism must recognize that to liberation black people is also a means used to destabilize the inequality in america. If we liberate coloured people , we also uplift everyone else who has been oppressed. 13 b. What ideals, principles or legal frameworks inform this group? Some key principles that inform the black lives matter movement consist of restorative justice; instead of focusing on arrest the system should focus on rehabilitation. The movement focuses on being exclusive to all types of black regardless of age and sexual orientation. Their aim is to destroy years of intergenerational oppression and be able to build community for themselves. c. Does this group “make a difference” in practice? (note: you must define what it means to “make a difference” here) Before we can proceed to talk about how the movement black lives matter has made a difference in society. We must first analyze what it means to “make a difference, people interpret this meaning as '' causing a change,” or “ have a significant effect on a people or a situation.” I believe that this group has gone beyond expectation in terms of making an effect on people and unjustifiable situations. For instance if we look at the death of George floyd who was killed by police brutality, The black Lives movement campaign demanding for justice has reached the hearts of many people across the globe. Various countries and all 50 states in the United States have been experiencing multiple protests. At the first the police officer responsible for this tragedy was expected to be let off the hook, but due to pressure from the movement and those who support it , the officier has been charged with 2nd degree murder. The movement had even made a difference by getting people to realize systematic racism is very much a thing. I spoke with a Durham Police officer in regards to police brutality. The police officer went on to enlighten that they are aware that bad cops exist . He went on to elaborate that 13 Ransby, Barbara. “The Class Politics of Black Lives Matter.” Dissent 62.4 (2015): 31–34.

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 after the trayvon martin case, when black live matter first was established, their policing force was made to take an online - elearning course on diversity as well as seminar. Their thoughts are things such as if Ramadan is happening they need to understand that it is common to see people out late at night since they have been praying and fasting all day. Another things I found fascinating , was that they were told to ignore calls that clearly displayed racial profiling . Although the police force has a long way to go before it's perfect, the changes it has made has decreased arrest. Citations ● NEKIMA LEVY-POUNDS n. “VULNERABLE POPULATION: PAR FOR THE COURSE?: EXPLORING THE IMPACTS OF INCARCERATION AND MARGINALIZATION ON POOR BLACK MEN IN THE U.S.” 14 (2013): 29–309. Print.( 2b) ● Ransby, Barbara. “The Class Politics of Black Lives Matter.” Dissent 62.4 (2015): 31– 34. Web. ● Atkins, Ashley. “Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter? Color-Blindness and Epistemic Injustice*.” Social Epistemology 33.1 (2019): 1–22. Web. ● 6 Years Strong. (2019, September 10). Retrieved June 08, 2020, from https://blacklivesmatter.com/six-years-strong/ ● Rickford, Russell. “Black Lives Matter: Toward a Modern Practice of Mass Struggle.” New Labor Forum 25.1 (2016): 34–42. Web. ● Roberts, F. L. (2019, August 22). How Black Lives Matter Changed the Way Americans Fight for Freedom. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.aclu.org/blog/racial- justice/race-and-criminal-justice/how-black-lives-matter-changed-way-americans-fight

LAWS2105T Rue Madzorera Department of law and legal studies 101154818 ● Grindell, S. (2020, June 02). Photos show how the Black Lives Matter protests compare to civil rights demonstrations in the 1960s. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.insider.com/photos-compare-black-lives-matter-protests-to-civil-rights- protests-2020-6 ● Young 1990 “Five Faces of Oppression” 39-65 ● Ashley Atkins (2019) Black Lives Matter or All Lives Matter ? Color-blindness and Epistemic Injustice*, Social Epistemology, 33:1, 1-22, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2018.148387 ● Williams, C. (2020, June 05). 54 Brands Taking Action and Donating to Support the Black Lives Matter Movement. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.popsugar.com/brands-donating-to-black-lives-matter-movement-47521085 ● Rodriguez, Javier M. et al. “Black Lives Matter: Differential Mortality and the Racial Composition of the U.S. Electorate, 1970-2004.” Social Science & Medicine 136-137 (2015): n. pag. Print. ● Russel-Brown, Katheryn. “Critical Black Protectionism, Black Lives Matter, and Social Media: Building a Bridge to Social Justice.” Howard Law Journal 60.2 (2017): n. pag. Print. ● “SIUE Students, Faculty and Staff Discuss the Importance of the Black Lives Matter Movement.” University Wire 21 Jan. 2016. Web.

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