RAYSHAUNA RAWOF (4)
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CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice *
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101
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Law
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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All the assignments are posted in advance and all closing dates have been posted in your syllabus. No extensions will be given for missed work. Please be advised that the key to passing this course is by making sure that all your work is posted before the closing date. At 1159 pm New York City time the assignments will closed and you will not be able to access it any more. Answer all the questions and then create a secondary answer for the second post for each lesson. The second post can simply be additional information or ADDING INFORMATION TO another student's answer. POSTING QUESTIONS TO OTHER STUDENTS WILL NOT COUNT AS A SECOND POST ONLY THE ANSWER OFFERED BY YOU WILL .
1-
What is the role of Corrections in the Criminal Justice System? and what is its relation to the Police and the Courts? The role of Corrections in the criminal justice system is responsibility for those who are criminal defendants “Corrections, or the correctional system, is the collection of local, state, and federal agencies that supervise and treat criminal defendants.” as stated on page 5 in “American Corrections by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). The relation to Corrections, Police and Courts are, first the police officer will deal with the ongoing crimes and catch the bad guy, then the court will examine the case, gather information and resources of evidence and furthermore make a decision whether or not the defendant is innocent or guilty.And the final stage is the correctional system which supervises the defendant after conviction.
2- Which factors are used by judges to determine which cases enter the system and which cases continue on through conviction and punishment?
The judges use their discretion and take many things into consideration such as “ seriousness of the accused crime, the evidence, the witnesses and alleged victims, the criminal background of the defendant, possible political considerations, and so on. Resource availability is another important consideration: Does the state have the time, money, and staff to prosecute a case originally brought by the police?” as stated on page 4 in “American Corrections by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author).
3- Name all types of community corrections listed in your reading and explain which one you think is the worse in a victims perspective? The types of community corrections listed are Fines and Restitution, Forfeiture, Day Reporting, Community Service, Deferred Prosecution, Judgment, or Sentence, Home Detention, House Arrest, and Electronic Monitoring, probation and parole. The worst form of community corrections is House arrest. House arrest does not do anything good, monitoring the victim is solely based on the security rather than seeking help and resources. Also a person can end up going crazy and might turn to suicide.
4. What is the difference between a jail and a prison?
The difference between a jail and a prison is that jail is used as a short term institution to detain “petty offenders, misdemeanants, persons convicted of low-level felonies, and persons awaiting
transport to some other criminal justice or social service agency.” as stated on page 18 in “American Corrections by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). On the other hand \]
Befo
Discussion board number 2
1- What are the main punishment Philosophies explain each Philosophy?
The main punishment philosophies are deterrence, retribution, incapacitation, rehabilitation
and restoration
. Deterrence
is the act of trying to prevent a crime from happening and also frightening the defendant.
Retribution
is when the defendant is punished for their actions “Retribution is inherent in the biblical message of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” and is utilized when offenders are punished harshly, such as with death or life imprisonment sentences.’as stated on page 35 in “American Corrections” by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author).
Incapacitation
is making a criminal incapable of committing crimes. Rehabilitation
is when an offender’s lifestyle is restored, so they can grow and function in society. Restoration
is when the harm caused by crimes is repaired and restored. 2- Explain the purpose of each historical
approach to
corrections from your reading.
There are many historical approaches to corrections such as the Code of Hammurabi, Judeo-
Christians traditions, Greek and Roman traditions, Magna Carta and Cesare Beccaria's masterpiece Dei delitti e Delle Pene, or On Crimes and Punishments.
The Code of Hammurabi
is
an ancient system used to punish crimes, which “contained 282 clauses or case laws pertaining to
a variety of social and legal issues. The Code of Hammurabi was guided by the doctrine of lex talionis, meaning an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” as stated on page 36 in “American Corrections by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). Judeo-Christian traditions are religious values and beliefs that influenced the criminal justice system, “Moses received the Ten Commandments from God. Containing most famously the proscription against murder, the Ten Commandments have heavily influenced cultures and legal systems within the Judeo-Christian tradition, such as the United States.” as stated on page 36 in “American Corrections” by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). Greek and Roman Traditions contributed to corrections
by dealing with criminal matters as private. Tough laws such as “Poisoning, starvation, death by exposure, and banishment…” were also passed by Draco, Athenian politician and magistrate. Later on Solon and Cleisthenes “made only homicide a capital crime and instituted the widespread use of fines as a form of punishment” as stated on page 37 in “American Corrections" by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). Magna Carta is the first document to limit the king’s powers, the Magna Carta influenced the US constitution and criminal justice system we have today.
Cesare Beccaria's masterpiece Dei delitti e Delle Pene, or On Crimes and Punishments believed in punishment that scares people to not engage in crimes, “Commensurately, punishment should be swift, certain, and severe (but proportionate) to hopefully deter or dissuade people from choosing to engage in crime.” as stated on page 38 in “American Corrections" by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author).
3- According to your reading what was John Howard;s
greatest contributions to corrections during Colonial America?
John Howard’s greatest contributions to corrections during Colonial America is the publishing of
“The State of Prisons in England and Wales” demonstrating the conditions of English jails. The
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Penitentiary Act in 1779 was also passed due to John Howard. Lastly, his work also influenced Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin.
4- What was the holding in the
case Holt v. Hobbs (2015)?
The holding in the case Holt v. Hobbs(2015) was ruled unanimous arguing that the Arkansas Department of Corrections violated the inmate’s right to grow a beard.
5- What are the principles of
effective intervention? Explain
The principles of effective intervention are risk, need, treatment, and fidelity. The risk principle
is a treatment and intervention program for offenders based on if they are high risks or low risks, high risks get more intense treatments. The need principle is the focus on crime producing needs such as “antisocial peer association, antisocial personality, drug use, alcoholism, self-control skills, and other factors that are highly correlated with crime.” as stated on page 54 in “American
Corrections" by Matt DeLisi (Author), Peter J. Conis (Author). The
treatment principle is responsible for addressing the needs and behaviors of the offender. The fidelity principle is used to make sure the programs implemented are running smoothly and everyone is well trained and structured.