FPM537_ArticlePresentation_BiasConfoundingAssessment
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University of Southern California *
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MISC
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Pages
5
Uploaded by MegaElkPerson49
PM 537 |
Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding
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Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding Associations between independent variables and disease outcomes can reflect causal processes, but can also be artifacts of improper design or implementation of the research. The possibility that an association is causal is evaluated in light of biological plausibility of a causal association, and by considering vulnerability of the research to several types of artifactual influences: random error, systematic error, confounding, and temporal ambiguity. In this guided activity you will evaluate these considerations and interpret results of the study accordingly. 1. Consider the role of random error. a. Was the number of participants studied sufficient to address the data needs of the problem the investigators addressed? Yes No b. Explain your answer.
2. Consider the role of systematic error. a. Does strong participation bias seem likely? Yes No i. If yes, what is anticipated direction of the resulting bias? Positive Negative
PM 537 |
Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding
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ii. Explain your answer(s).
b. Does substantial error in measurement of the independent variable likely? Yes No i. If yes, what is likely form of the measurement error? Non-differential misclassification Differential misclassification
PM 537 |
Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding
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ii. If yes, what is likely direction of resulting bias? Check all that apply. Toward the null Positive Negative iii. Explain your answer(s). c. Does substantial error in measurement of the outcome variable seem likely? Yes No i. If yes, what is likely form of the measurement error? Non-differential misclassification Differential misclassification ii. If yes, what is likely direction of resulting bias? Check all that apply. Toward the null Positive Negative iii. Explain your answer(s).
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PM 537 |
Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding
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3. Consider the possibility of confounding. a. Enumerate the important potential confounders of the estimated association. b. Were all of these potential confounders adequately addressed in the study? Yes No i. If no, specify confounders not adequately addressed and likely direction of confounding by each.
PM 537 |
Assessment of Vulnerability to Bias and Confounding
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4. Consider temporality: a. Could outcome status have led to exposure status of participants in this study? Yes No b. Explain your answer.
5. Interpret the study’s results in light any vulnerability to bias or co
nfounding you have identified. Specify the estimate effect size reported for the study, and your belief about likely true value of this parameter compared to the estimate.