3-2 Short IT 505

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IT 505

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Information Systems

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Apr 3, 2024

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Running head: 3-2 SHORT PAPER 1 3-2 Short Paper Antonio M. Taul Southern New Hampshire University IT 505 Core Technologies Tracey Adkins

3-2 SHORT PAPER 2 The internet has changed everything about how we act today. From shopping to searching for answers, the internet has become a tool that is easily accessible and will continue to be a tool that anyone can use to obtain the answers to questions, obtain knowledge, or shop for household goods and other services. To understand where the internet is going, we must first try to understand where the internet has been. The internet as we know it has an unofficial birthday of January 1, 1983. “Prior to this, the various computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. A new communications protocol was established called Transfer Control Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP). This allowed different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other. ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal language.” (USG.edu, n.d.). The idea of the internet first came to fruition way before the unofficial birthday. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network or ARPANET was the first “workable prototype of the internet” and was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. Multiple computers were linked together with the ability to communicate with one another. (McLean, 2022). During the 1960s a scientist by the name of Joseph Carl Robert Licklider came up with a vision of a computer system that would allow other computer systems to communicate with each other. The first idea of a network. These ideas would be expounded upon in the coming decade when two computer scientists developed a new model for communications changing the way data could be transmitted in, multiple networks. (McLean, 2022). With the implementation of new protocols, allowed the net to grow even larger than ever imagined. In 1984 the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol was introduced. This system would translate numerical IP addresses into readable domain names. This system in essence simplified

3-2 SHORT PAPER 3 the process of accessing websites. (Interlir.com, n.d.). Unfortunately, the DNS model has some language barriers it’s dealing with in modern society. “This is because the DNS uses a system called ASCII, or the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII doesn't accommodate these other languages well, thus one of today's current internet problems emerges.” (Peter, 2004). Although the standard protocol for the Internet is the TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol- Internet Protocol, it has had its fair share of issues. “TCP/IP hit its first big problem in the early 1990s when it became apparent that the numbering system was going to run out of numbers in the foreseeable future. Therefore in 1995, after several years of work, TCP/IP Vs 6 was released to solve this problem. Adoption has been very slow. TCP/IP has proven to be remarkably robust but is very basic.” (Peter, 2004). All of these protocols work in conjunction with one another. File retrieval protocols, file transfer protocols, gopher, and telnet are constantly working behind the scenes to keep the flow going smoothly for the user. In the late 80s, HTTP was introduced. This protocol essentially powers the web and facilitates hypertext transfer across the web. The purpose of this protocol was to fetch data. If any data is being swapped on the net it is because of HTTP. “HTTP is an extensible protocol that relies on concepts like resources and Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), simple message structure, and client-server communication flow.” (mdnwebdocs, n.d.). This program has evolved much like the other older protocols. Many different versions have been released and it’s constantly changing, even today to try and make the net run smoother. In the 1990s FTP and SMTP were added to the internet protocols. FTP is a file transfer protocol that allows users to communicate from one network to the next while sharing data. The SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is on its own server and allows the user to send or forward messages from a mail client. (Gillis, 2023). Without building and developing new

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3-2 SHORT PAPER 4 protocols, while also adding to the ones that have always been around, the internet might not have evolved to what it is today. All of these protocols have a particular job to do, and when working together it allows for smoother internet usage. The whole point is to make this type of research and use a brainless task where anyone could be successful moving forward. “One should not conclude that the Internet is complete. The Internet is a creature of the computer, not the traditional networks of the telephone or television industries. It will—indeed it must— continue changing at the speed of the computer industry to remain relevant. It is now changing to provide such new services as real-time transport, supporting, for example, audio and video streams. The availability of pervasive networking—that is, the Internet itself—along with powerful affordable computing and communications in portable form (e.g., laptop computers, two-way pagers, PDAs, cellular phones) makes possible a new paradigm of nomadic computing and communications. “ (Leiner et al, 1997).

3-2 SHORT PAPER 5 References The evolution of internet protocols - interlir networks marketplace . Interlir networks marketplace - InterLIR IPv4 IPv6 Rent and Lease out Marketplace. (2024, February 26). https://interlir.com/about-ip-address-networking/2024/02/22/the-evolution-of-internet- protocols/#:~:text=Key%20Milestones%20in%20the%20Evolution,effectively%20birthing %20the%20modern%20internet. Peter, I. (n.d.). History Of Internet Protocols . Internet protocols history. https://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/protocols.html Tips for using the Internet . Types of Internet protocols. (n.d.). https://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit07/internet07_04.phtml

3-2 Short IT 505

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