BIOS255 Lab Week5
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School
Chamberlain University College of Nursing *
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Course
255
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by HighnessMorning11005
Paola Rodriguez
BIOS 255
Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives:
Discuss the fundamental need for the immune system.
Identify physical and chemical barriers against pathogenic invasion.
Describe mechanisms of immune invasion by pathogens.
Predict the outcome of scenarios of immune deficiency.
Summarize the key features of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Describe antigen-antibody interactions.
Classify immune cell types by their role in responses.
Define immunological memory and its importance.
Introduction:
Immunity refers to the body's ability to defend itself against disease and infection. Immunity can be categorized into two different forms: innate or adaptive. We will explore the 2 types of immunity. Have you ever wondered what infections look like from the pathogen’s perspective? If
our immune systems are so amazing, why do we get sick at all? The immune system is a complex army of cells and tissues that work together to protect your body from infection. In this simulation, you’ll play the part of a pathogen and try to establish an infectious colony within a human body. You will come face to face with the major cells and organs of the immune system.
As the immune system fights back, you will gain a unique perspective on how immune cells work to destroy incoming pathogens. By exploring data maps from pivotal moments in human history you will see how an individual’s immunological status contributes to the health of their community and the spread of disease worldwide. You’ll meet the key cells involved in immune memory and explore the role of immunization in protecting people from preventable diseases. You will undertake a series of challenges in preparation for an important global health investigation.
Assignment:
Part 1 Labster “Introduction to Immunology: Explore the immune system and save the world”
As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section is a helpful resource.
Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Immune System Lab Report
1.
Describe components of the immune system by completing the following chart (see theory): (½ point each for total of 3.5 points)
Description/Function
Innate immunity
The immune system is born with immunity. Immune immunity is non-specific. Innate cells do not differentiate between pathogens. The primary function of the immune system is to be the first and second line of defense against pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
Antigens are foreign substances that your body can sense and react to. When an antigen is introduced into your body, it causes your immune system to make white blood cells to fight
off the foreign invaders.
IgG
Antibody-based immunity plays a significant role in the protection of the fetus from pathogenic microorganisms. It facilitates the passage of microorganisms from the placental tract to the fotus. It also promotes phagocytic growth, neutralizes toxins, and stimulates the complement system.
IgM
It occurs early in B-cell-mediated immunity before sufficient IgG is present. If forms the ABO blood group system’s anti A and anti B receptors. It triggers the complement system. It agglutinates and lyzes microbes. IgM neutralizes, precipitates,
and increases phagocytic activity through complement activation.
IgA
It is found in secretions like saliva, mucous membranes, and tears. The number of secretions decreases during stress, which increases the risk of infection. It provides local protection against infection.
IgE
This substance is responsible for the most severe allergic reactions. It activates the complement system and binds to allergens. Additionally, it stimulates the release of histamines from mast cells and basal cells. Additionally, it provides protection against parasitic worms.
Thymus
Large in children, then shrinks as age progress. It is the site for T-cells maturation
2.
What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens? (1/2 point)
Immune cells specialize in finding and killing invaders, keeping an eye on most tissues to make sure they don't become infected. Their receptors pick up on different parts of cells, and when one of them is triggered, they grab and eat up the invader.
3.
What is a major functional difference between B cells and T cells? (½ point)
B-cells make antibodies to fight off attackers from outside the cell, while T-cells fight off infected cells.
4.
Pathogens have been mutating and sharing resistance genes for millions of years. As such they have developed some very effective methods to evade, subvert and destroy the immune response. Identify 2 methods of immune evasion. ( 1/2 point each for total of
1 point)
Capsule and biofilm
5.
Record the data from the samples: (½ point each box for total of 4 points)
Antibody detected
Sample 1
Sample 3
Sample 7
Sample 8
IgM
-
+
-
+
IgG
+
+
-
-
6.
Interpret the results of Samples 1, 3, 7, and 8 by completing the following chart. Consider the significance of the presence or absence of IgM and/or IgG. (½ point per box for total of 4 points)
Evidence of current exposure/infection?
(yes or no)
Evidence of previous exposure only with no current infection?
(yes or no)
Sample 1
Yes
No
Sample 3
Yes
Yes
Sample 7
No
No
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Sample 8
Yes
No
7.
Discuss the benefit of vaccinations. ( 1 1/2 points)
Vaccination plays a critical role in preventing the transmission of infections to communities and in reducing the prevalence of infections among individuals within the community. Vaccination involves the administration of antigens to the body to create antibodies to combat the same pathogens in the event of future infections.
Grading Rubric for Lab Report
Activity
Deliverable
Points
Part 1
Complete Labster
15
Part 2
Complete lab report 15
Total
Complete all lab activities
30