Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: Project Proposal Overview

Research & Project Management Assignment 1 – Project Proposal

Table of Contents Section 1: Background and Project Rationale ................................................................................. 2 Section 2 - Research Aim, Objectives, Approach and Project Plan ................................................. 5 Section 3 - Ethics, Legal, Social, Security and Professional Issues .............................................. 15 References ...................................................................................................................................... 16

Section 1: Background and Project Rationale Background Health Care is regarded as the data intensive medical domain where the high volume of data is disseminated, generated as well as accessed on the routine basis. Disseminating as well as storing the high volume of data is important and critically challenging because of the sensitive behavior of information and limiting grounds like privacy and safety. The block chain technology has grabbed the special attention, through the escalating interest inside the phenomena of various applications sequencing through the data management, cyber security, food science, financial services and internet of things for the health care sector and neuro research. There exist an outstanding interest witnessed inside using the software of block chain for the secure delivery and encrypted health care data management. Also, the blocks chain technology is reforming the conventional health care activities for the much reliable manner in context of accurate cure and diagnosis from the safe sharing of data. In the upcoming days, this technology would be the technology which can probably support in personalized, authentic and safe health Care through integrating the whole real time medical data patience health and refining this inside the updated encrypted Health Care setup [1]. Project rationale The requirement of block chain technology in the evolution of healthcare services is the ledger inside the block chain because it could support the healthcare researchers reveal the genetic code through providing the safe transfer of medical records of patients, providing the encrypted transfer of medical records of patience and assembling the supply chain of drugs. In the field of healthcare and medical settings, the safe, secure and scalable information sharing is immersive imperative for the diagnosis and integrated medical decision making. Sharing of data is the activity which is simply important that could allow the medical practitioners to share the medical data with the patients in order to establish the fast follow up [2]. Through the utilization of the e-health and tele-medicine that could be utilized in the domains when the medical data is shared remotely for the distant location in order to get the expert

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consultation. In the 2 digital medical setups, the data of the patients is either through store and forward technology mediums of digital real time medical monitoring. Utilizing the digital clinical and medical settings, the patients can get remotely consultation from medical practitioners by the medium of exchanged medical data. Justification The capability for exchange of information is scalable, safely as a secularly essential in order to support the meaningful medical and health communications, considering the cases of remote patients. As the secure as well as meaningful exchange of information supports in medical communication through collecting the recommendations and confirmation through the team of medical specialist that result in enriched diagnostics efficiency and accurate treatment. The block chain system enables to the enter operability inside the health system through offering the decentralized ledger of the agreed facts in the records of the healthcare for which each provider of the healthcare is having the access of it. This also employees that when the user interfaces will change the central ledger that could be identical across each of the service supplier [3]. Explanation In the recent years, the researchers have attempted for executing the applications of machine learning, computer vision as well as artificial intelligence for providing the medical assistants in the treatment as well as diagnosis of several chronic diseases. Currently there has been outstanding interest in using the block chain applications to the safer delivery and encrypted health care data, e healthcare sharing and biomedical engineering thinking. The block chain pursues the peer to peer network. This is basically the p2p combined multi sector network structure and enclosed with the cryptography, mathematical expressions, accessing the conventional distributed database synchronization through utilizing the algorithms of distributed consensus. In the previous studies that have adopted the private block chain depends upon the Etherium protocol for offering not just the secure and encrypted utilization of the medical science. It also eradicated the safety link through the remote patient controlling system. The block chain related strategy may provide safe real time remote control. Therefore enabling the doctors for tracing the

status of the healthcare of the patients through remote areas, when also managing the updated safe and secure history of the patients. Identically it is also examined that the approach towards the safe health data protection through executing the public blocks chain for the security purposes [4]. Research gap Due to the absence of sufficient research on block chain technology, particularly in the fields such as healthcare and pharmaceutical, thus the healthcare sector is not able to protect and exchange the data of patients with higher authorities and government. This research gap is putting the pressure on the researchers to educate the medical practitioners for analyzing the sensitive data in very serious medical situations. The block chain could play the decisive part in managing the deception in the medical trials to ease the operations of healthcare. Right now there are many developers presented who can perform the various diverse services in the health care sector. Although in context with the block chain technology, the developers are having the expertise in the applications of block chain. But due to the lack of developers in the research area, it is regarded as the main issue for developing the in-depth meaningful research on the block chain. The approach towards the safe health data protection through executing the public block chain for security. In this system, the secure healthcare data is protected publicly, designing the block chain based personal health record. As per the research, the block chain is designed on the cryptography that refers that there exist diverse keys like private keys as well as public keys. When someone is dealing through the private key then one can also taking a risk that somebody could lose the utilization of the private keys. It also occurs many times while the block chain was not working that much [5]. Section 2 - Research Aim, Objectives, Approach and Project Plan a) Research Aim: the aim of this research project is through implementing the block chain in the Health Care systems, the health care system could protect the records of patients and medicines confidentially upgrading the data of the patients around various services and areas in real time with safety.

b) Scope and SMART Objectives: Scope -: The scope of having the block chain technique inside the healthcare sector is that the block chain could provide worldwide inter operability of the digital health records that could enable the facilitator access for the medical history of the patients, prior imaging understanding as well as present medication. The health care system could save approximately the 80 billion dollar only. Smart objectives -:  To enable the digital data of the patients and medicine for being recorded and classified in the decentralized ledger of block chain.  To make sure the advanced block chain forecasting, tracing and planning abilities in the healthcare organizations. c) Research Approach and Methods: Approach (SWOT ANALYSIS APPROACH) Strength -: Efficiency of the cost, speedy utilization for the medical data as well as autonomous tamper proof data sharing [4]. Weakness -: few amounts of the system as well as software vendors, absence of the storage ability to the huge variety of the data and it is not very scalable. Opportunities -: less risk of fraud inside the healthcare supply chain management, anonymity of the information can support in the health research, beneficiaries cab get much control on the data and potential to the start up as well as forged association in the healthcare. Threats -: inter operability problems, hesitant social employment of the technology, cultural as well as trust issues for adopting the block chain and non standardization. The implemented approach is innovative in the behavior as this provides patients the easy access as well as controlling of the personal health data. Therefore, not including the engagement of any external third company. The project managers have proposed the structure of block chain

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depends upon the parallel implementation as well as artificial healthcare structures for calculating the healthcare standard or status of the patient illness. The proposed method uses the entire diagnosis, condition as well as treatment procedures of the patient and associated from parallel implementation and computational real health care structures for evaluating the efficiency of treatment and diagnosis. The innovative block chain oriented project will make the professional to exchange the data of the health care sector. This suggested approach calculates the health care data requirements of sharing, majorly to the personal medical data along with digital medical records and manages through several other types of data through executing the block chain in the diverse sources. For validating the satisfactory needs of the two that is privacy as well as authenticity, integrated the platform through the block chain as well as the verification operations. Methodology The qualitative methodology for Block chain is considered as the most promising technique which can help for streamlining the healthcare data management processes through qualitative data proficiency and enhancing the trust. This methodology provides the broad range of built in as well as prominent functions like decentralized storage, data access, flexibility, transparency, immutability, security and authentication. Hence, allowing the broad spread utilization of block chain in the data management of healthcare sector. The below figure illustrates the block chain embedded health care system [6].

The block chain utilizes the methodology of advanced contracts which provide terms and condition upon that each partner of the healthcare is engaged in the set network and therefore no intermediately is needed. This decreases the unnecessary costing of administration and management. This technique importantly depends upon the three major concepts like consensus mechanism, peer to peer network as well as public key cryptography. Depending upon the permission management, the block chain is classified into three sub categories such as private, consortium as well as public block chains. The private block chain is the phenomena that provide the detailing about a single company that is having the control on the whole network. Hence, this kind of block chain needs trustworthy people for attaining the consensus. Coming to the public block chain, any person accessing with

the Internet may contribute in consensus process. Public block chain structure is clear and transparent where the Identity of every participant keeps pseudo anonymous. A consulting block chain integrates the benefits of the two private as well as public block chain networks. This is just appropriate to the particular companies which motive for streamlining the communication between one another. Depending upon the critical needs, the healthcare companies may take such kind of block chain network because each of them is having the advantages as well as disadvantages. Several data collection methods have been performed upon the employment of block chain technique in diverse healthcare applications. The survey is critically different through them in the manner of wider concentration as well as data wise. Despite, various other essential aspects in the block chain technique in context with the intrinsic functions, potential challenges as well as emerging opportunities that are elaborated in present data collection, have not been analyzed in the previous researches. Whereas, in this report the researchers try to expand the contribution of block chain technology in the healthcare sector. The main contributions of block chain are elaborated below -:  The methodology facilitates insightful discussions upon the main block chain functions and the recordable advantages in the sector of healthcare.  The researchers discuss as well as identify the essential open research opportunities along with outlining the various upcoming recommendations.  The project managers and researchers discuss various case studies for presenting the practically integrated block chain health care system.  The research professionals discuss about the major opportunities provided through the health care system having block chain technology.

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d) Research Project Plan: Problem statement -: Due to the lack of effective system for recording the medical records, the healthcare sector could not make sure the patient assessing requirements. The health care sector is experiencing inappropriate methods for documenting the daily medical records in order to continue the treatment and follow ups of the patients. Objectives -:  To enable the digital data of the patients and medicine for being recorded and classified in the decentralized ledger of block chain.  To make sure the advanced block chain forecasting, tracing and planning abilities in the healthcare organizations. Research method -: Observational Research method Observational research method outlines the key block chain features which can provide the remarkable functions in the existing healthcare system. The further discussion is facilitated in the subsequent paragraph -: Decentralization The block chain enables the decentralization which emerges for dividing as well as perusing the power away through the individual authority and designing the block chain much democratic resilient as well as efficient technology. From decentralizing the ethics the block chain may support for enhancing the health care data, accessing as well as security of the data of patients and the hierarchy of the health care through allowing the growth of advance system where the patients will manage the whole health care data.

(Source: [7]) Transparency The observational research method has analyzed that the transparency is among the most useful feature inside the block chain technology. Allowing the transparency in the health care data may support for offering the fully validated as well as auditable nature for the transactions. The present Health Care data Structure is now capable for providing transparency, reliability and security at the same time in parallel medium. All the transactions related to the health are performed upon the public block chain that is easy to trace and search. Participants -: Researchers, Project Manager, Data Analysts and Developers. Timeline Sr. No. Task Activity Resources Skills Budget Time 1 Developing the research problem statement Due to the lack of effective system for recording the medical records, the Surveys Searching skills 20 dollars 10 days

healthcare sector could not make sure the patient assessing requirements. The health care sector is experiencing inappropriate methods for documenting the daily medical records in order to continue the treatment and follow ups of the patients. 2 Designing the objectives To enable the digital data of the patients and medicine for being recorded and classified in the decentralized ledger of peer reviewed literature Attention to the research topic. 15 dollars 15 days

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block chain. To make sure the advanced block chain forecasting, tracing and planning abilities in the healthcare organizations . 3 Research method Observational Research method medical records Observational and analytical skills. 100 dollars 30 days 4 Findings The ledger based technology supports the health care researchers in the research of genetic code through offering the safe transfer of medical records and vital records Communicating with the results. 20 dollars 15 days

drug supply chain. e) Risk Log: Sr no. Risk type Risk Description Impact Mitigation 1 Technical risk The major risk inside the integration of heath care systems and Block chain technology is non consistency in its scalability level. It leads to complexity and it can also bring horrible not sufficient healthcare data. Medium The layer one solutions concentrate on enriching the key features as well as traits inside the network of the block chain, like enhancing the size limit of the block and also decreasing the verification time of the block. 2 Personal risk If there is any personal medical data inside the block chain High Utilizing the asymmetric cryptography for securing the

network then the owners of the particular data could control how or when the third party could access this. personal data and transactions among the users. 3 Resource based risk The flaws in the old health care software, wrong operational methods and traditional data collection methods are regarded as the major resource based risks inside the block chain technology. Medium The inherent resiliency must be implemented for reducing the resource based risk importantly for protecting the financial losses. 4 Time based risk Long research time among the task and the implementation processes. Another reason is slow monitoring of the project growth generally hinders Medium Appropriate planning while developing the time schedule.

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the time schedule, and then it becomes difficult for the researchers to attain the set objectives on time. 5 Cost based risk The research on block chain in context with the healthcare sector is regarded as very expensive and non efficient. Because it depends upon the size of the block chain. Low The researches and project managers must approach for the less expensive resources and they must need to decrease the scope of the research.

Section 3 - Ethics, Legal, Social, Security and Professional Issues Ethical issues Block chain in the healthcare also experiences the ethical issues of inter operability which is designing the block chains through the several communicating providers as well as facilitates communicate with one another appropriately as well seamlessly. This issue forms the hindrances inside the accurate communication of data. Legal issues As the decentralization ledger, the block chain nodes may span the huge amount of areas around the world. It means that each transaction of the healthcare stored upon the block chain could probably fall inside the each jurisdiction where the network node is situated resulting on the overwhelming amount of regulations and legislations, which could execute for the block chain network. It also creates this complex for focusing on the location of transaction if the significant transaction converts into the fraudulent nature. Social issues Block chain may decrease the cost as well as abolish the conventional financial services to the healthcare systems from various board less transaction system faster as compared to the current systems. Security and Professional issues The major legal issue in the healthcare is the security and privacy issue. Through execution of the software that depends upon the technique of block chain, the requirement of third party for bringing out the transaction is declined. Since the process of block chain enables the whole community as compared to the single trusted third party for analyzing the records inside the blocks in architecture. The data transforms for the potential security as well as privacy information risks.

References [1]A. Garland and A. Cortegiani, "Medical dominos: impact of COVID-19 care on the health of the population", Intensive Care Medicine , vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1475-1477, 2021. Available: 10.1007/s00134- 021-06545-5. [2]G. Ballabio, "Prime-Partitioned Block Chain: A Scalable and Efficient Block Chain Implementation", SSRN Electronic Journal , 2017. Available: 10.2139/ssrn.2927669. [3]T. Faludi, "Composite Contracts in Supply Chain", Theory, Methodology, Practice , vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 3-9, 2020. Available: 10.18096/tmp.2020.01.01. [4]B. Grim, A. Harmon and J. Gromis, "Focused Group Interviews as an Innovative Quanti- Qualitative Methodology (QQM ): Integrating Quantitative Elements into a Qualitative Methodology", The Qualitative Report , 2015. Available: 10.46743/2160-3715/2006.1665. [5]A. Al-Khazaali and S. Kurnaz, "Study of integration of block chain and Internet of Things (IoT): an opportunity, challenges, and applications as medical sector and healthcare", Applied Nanoscience , 2021. Available: 10.1007/s13204-021-02070-5. [6]P. Stavroulakis and E. Riza, "Meta-calculations of Quantitative SWOT Analysis: A Crosstab Approach", International Journal of Strategic Innovative Marketing , 2022. Available: 10.15556/ijsim.02.02.004. [7]I. Yaqoob, K. Salah, R. Jayaraman and Y. Al-Hammadi, "Blockchain for healthcare data management: opportunities, challenges, and future recommendations", Springer Link , 2020. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00521-020-05519-w. [Accessed: 04- May- 2022].

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Ashish ( Revathy ) - Research & Project Management Assignment 1 – Project Proposal

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