Guided Notes & Qs_ Chapter 9_ Withdraw and Reversal

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Jan 9, 2024

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Ch. 9 Withdrawal and Reversal Design Non-experimental Variations  Baseline logic serves as the foundation for all single case design research  The A-B design, sometimes referred to as the “simple time series design” represents the most basic non-experimental SCD.  The A-B-A design is the current standard for demonstrating a functional relation because current guidelines for methodology indicate there must be a minimum of three potential demonstrations of effect.  The A-B-A-B design, also referred to as the “reversal design”, “withdrawal design”, “operant design”, and “equivalent time series design” has been one of the most frequently used SCDs in behavioral research.  Withdrawal designs refer to designs that follow the A-B-A-B condition order paradigm, wherein A refers to baseline conditions and the second A condition occurs when an intervention is withdrawn.  The A-B-A-B design controls for many of the deficiencies associated with the A-B-B design by  A) ending in an intervention condition which is practically and ethically beneficial  B) providing two opportunities to replicate the positive effects of intervention  The primary limitation of the A-B-A-B design relate to practical and ethical concerns rather than experimental considerations – for many practitioners who are responsible for programming durable behavior changes, even a brief withdrawal of an effective intervention may be deemed unethical.  When A-B-A-B designs are used it is recommended that multiple participants be recruited to improve external validity. Variations of the A-B-A-B Design  A-B-C-B-C (A-B-BC-B-BC) designs are variations of A-B-A-B designs that can also be used to compare interventions.  The B-A-B design is a research design you may use when a student or client exhibits self- injurious, physically aggressive, or otherwise highly undesirable behaviors.  A-B-A’-B reversal designs involve reversing intervention contingencies during A2, rather than simply withdrawing the intervention. Quiz Question 1 0 pts Strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following EXCEPT: History

Carryover effects Procedural infidelity Instrumentation Question 2 0 pts The primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is: Removing a successful intervention Too few replications to demonstrate experimental control Some interventions are irreversible Baseline conditions are too long Question 3 0 pts External validity of an ABAB design can be improved by: Having at least three participants Measuring procedural fidelity Measuring IOA Conducting more than three replications Question 4 0 pts Unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve: Reversing intervention contingencies A second intervention phase Withdrawal of the intervention Removing a potentially effective intervention Question 5 0 pts Which is the most powerful within-subject design? ABAB Changing criterion BAB Multiple basline design across behaviors Question 6 0 pts In a withdrawal design, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? Immediately after condition changes Once data are stable During long baseline conditions Procedural fidelity is unlikely in withdrawal designs Question 7 0 pts When using "ABC Notation," the "B" stands for: Intervention 1 Baseline Intervention 2 Withdrawal

Question 8 0 pts Which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design? Intervention is not withdrawn Lack of control for internal validity Lack of control for external validity Cannon determine functional relationships Question 9 0 pts What can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? Disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process Only collect 3 data points during withdrawal to minimize time without the intervention Do not tell participants about the withdrawal phase Do not let participants remove the themselves from the study Question 10 0 pts The withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity? History, maturation, data instability Procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation Carryover effects, Hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors Testing, procedural infidelity, data instability LA 11: Visual Analysis

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