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Leslie smith History paper Old World Religious Conflicts
Old-world
religious conflicts greatly
contributed
to
European
expansion. Religious conflicts took place between the 11
th
and 15
th
centuries at a period
when European Christians made efforts to claim Jerusalem and turn it into an
exclusive Christian space. During this period, Islam had begun to spread throughout
the Middle East and into Europe. The European Christians, therefore, began to stage
crusades that were against Muslim domination along the Mediterranean coast. Before
the religious conflicts, Christians and Muslims lived around the Mediterranean coast
peacefully for a long period. The European Christian crusades resulted in the spread
of the Reconquista religious ideology of expelling Muslims from the Iberian
Peninsula through violence (Yun-Casalilla, 2019). The Christian crusades and the
Reconquista ideology influenced religious intolerance. The Christian crusades greatly
influenced European expansion since, after the failure of the crusades, Christians
embraced colonization as a way of continuing with the religious conquest.
The Spanish inquisition of 1478 and the Portuguese inquisition of 1536 also
contributed to European expansion(Yun-Casalilla, 2019). Countries such as Spain and
Portugal which were dominated by Catholics influenced the conversion of Native
American groups to Christianity. These nations ended up using religion as a way of
gaining control over Native Americans (Kahn & Bouie, 2021). Religious
reformationsbetween the Catholic church and protestant churches gave rise to
different protestant denominations that greatly contributed to colonization. The
competition between the Spanish and the Portuguese further intensified the
colonization since Portugal had succeeded in spreading its empire to the western coast
of Africa. The competition over trade routes had been brought about by the effects of
the Christian crusades that created the need to increase maritime trade. Portuguese
colonization in the 1400s influenced European expansion across the Atlantic. The
religious conflicts fueled by Christian crusades and the ideology of Reconquista acted
as pathways for European colonization in the 15
th
century that aimed at expanding
territorial boundaries to expand economic resources and gaining political influence as
opposed to facilitating the spread of Christianity.
Reference
Yun-Casalilla, B. (2019).
Iberian world empires and the globalization of Europe 1415–1668
(p. 531). Springer Nature.
Kahn, A., & Bouie, J. (2021, September 16).
This haunting animation maps the journeys of 15,790 slave ships in two minutes
. Slate Magazine. Retrieved from
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/09/atlantic-slave-trade-history-
animated-interactive.html
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