Ramses essay

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University of New South Wales *

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ANCIENT

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History

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by DrCrown12433

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, was one of the most prolific and enduring pharaohs of ancient Egypt. His reign, which lasted for approximately 66 years during the 13th century BCE, left a significant mark on the history and culture of ancient Egypt. In this research, we will explore the life, achievements, and legacy of Ramses II. Early Life and Rise to Power: Ramses II was born around 1303 BCE, during the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt. His father, Seti I, was a military leader and pharaoh, and his mother, Queen Tuya, played an influential role in his upbringing. Ramses was named after the god Ra, which signified his divine destiny. He ascended to the throne at a relatively young age, approximately in his early twenties, after the death of his father. His reign, which began in 1279 BCE, would go on to become one of the longest and most significant in Egyptian history. Achievements and Military Campaigns: One of Ramses II's most notable achievements was his extensive military conquests and campaigns. He is often referred to as a warrior pharaoh due to his successful campaigns in expanding and securing the Egyptian empire. His most famous military encounter was the Battle of Kadesh, fought against the Hittites in 1274 BCE. While the battle ended in a stalemate, Ramses II used it to his advantage as a propaganda tool, portraying it as a great victory in his inscriptions and reliefs. Ramses II also conducted campaigns in Nubia, Libya, and the Levant, securing Egypt's borders and protecting its interests. His military prowess and leadership skills were instrumental in maintaining the stability and territorial integrity of the Egyptian empire. Architectural Achievements: Ramses II was a prolific builder and left a lasting legacy through his many architectural projects. Perhaps the most famous of these is the construction of the temple complex at Abu Simbel in Nubia. The temple features colossal statues of Ramses II, carved into the rock, and serves as a testament to his power and grandeur. In addition to Abu Simbel, Ramses II oversaw the construction of the Ramesseum, a massive mortuary temple on the west bank of the Nile in Thebes. He also expanded and renovated various temples throughout Egypt, leaving his mark on numerous religious structures. Cultural Contributions: Ramses II's reign was marked by a flourishing of art and culture. He was a patron of the arts, commissioning many statues, reliefs, and inscriptions that celebrated his reign and the achievements of the Egyptian empire. Notably, he was responsible for the construction of the famous temples at Luxor and Karnak, which are considered among the most significant religious complexes in ancient Egypt. In addition to his architectural contributions, Ramses II also promoted literature and poetry. The Great Harris Papyrus, one of the longest known papyri, contains an inscription celebrating the accomplishments of his reign and is an important historical document. Family Life and Successors: Ramses II was known for his extensive family, having numerous wives and children. One of his most famous queens was Nefertari, with whom he had a loving and influential relationship. The temples at

Abu Simbel were dedicated to the goddess Hathor and Nefertari, showcasing her importance in Ramses' life. His immediate successors were his many sons, with Merneptah being the most famous. Merneptah, who succeeded Ramses II, faced various challenges during his reign, including conflicts with foreign powers and internal issues. After Ramses II's death, the Egyptian Empire began to decline, and the empire's control over its territories weakened over the centuries. Legacy and Enduring Influence: Ramses II's legacy remains prominent in both ancient and modern contexts. His achievements as a warrior, builder, and cultural patron have left a profound mark on Egypt's historical and cultural identity. The colossal statues of Ramses II at Luxor and Abu Simbel continue to attract tourists and scholars from around the world. In popular culture, Ramses II is often depicted as the quintessential pharaoh, and his image has been featured in literature, films, and various forms of media. He is also frequently referred to as "Ramses the Great" due to the lasting impact of his reign on Egypt's history. In conclusion, Ramses II was a remarkable figure in ancient Egyptian history. His reign was marked by military success, significant architectural projects, and a cultural flourishing that continue to shape our understanding of ancient Egypt. Ramses II's legacy endures, as he remains an enduring symbol of Egypt's grandeur and cultural heritage.

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