SCOTUS Week 3

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 SCOTUS Cases and Timeline Billy Lacey University of Phoenix HIS/518 Instructor Kristina Kalb October 23, 2023

2 SCOTUS Cases and Timeline Throughout the years since 1950, there has been several Supreme Court cases of the United States that have create new or evolved previously established laws that are relevant to education. These cases have been essential and important in creating an established education society that we have in the United States. Promoting civil rights for students, parents/guardians, and of course officials working for the school system. The following Supreme Court cases has had an impact on education Brown v Board of Education, Engel v. Vitale, Board of Education v. Rowley, Wisconsin v. Youder, and New Jersey v. TLO.

SCOTUS CASES TIMELINE 3 New Jersey v. TLO January 15,1985 New Jersey v. TLO was a Supreme Court case which ruled that public school administrators can search a student’s belongings if they have a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. After a student was caught smoking cigarettes in school, she was confronted by school officials and officials forced the student to hand over her purse. The student was charged with possession of marijuana and expelled from the school. Before trial, she moved to suppress evidence discovered in the search, but her motion was denied. The Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court of New Jersey found her guilty and sentenced her to probation for one year. On appeal, the Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division affirmed the denial of the motion to suppress evidence. The New Jersey Supreme Court reversed, holding that the exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment applies to searches and seizures conducted by school officials in public schools. The Supreme Court ruled that New Jersey and the school had met a “reasonableness” standard for conducting such searches at school for the saftey of the student and others. Wisconsin v. Youder May 15, 1972 Wiscnnsin v. Youder was established when an Amish man did not send his child to school once the child reached a certain age. Wisconsin mandated that all children attend public school until age 16, but Jonas Yoder, a devoutly religious Amish man, refused to send his children to school past eighth grade. He argued that his children didn’t need to be in school that long to lead a fulfilling Amish life of farming and agricultural work, and keeping his children in school for such a length of time would corrupt their faith and impact thier future as a farmer and agricultural worker. The Court unanimously agreed, saying that the values of public school were in “sharp conflict with the fundamental mode of life mandated by the Amish religion.” It carved out an exception for Yoder and others similarly situated. Board of Education v. Rowley June 28, 1982 Board of Education v. Rowley was established when a New York public school refused to provide a sign language interpreter for a deaf student, Amy Rowley, claiming that her academic performance and progress demonstrated that she did not need a sign langauge interpreter. They claimed the student could read lips and had minimal, residual hearing. School administrators, along with a sign language expert, determined that the student was able to succeed in school without an interpreter. Her parents sued the school on her behalf for violation of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. A district court ruled in the student’s favor, holding that while she was doing better in school than the average hearing student, she was not achieving her full potential because she was unable to understand as much as she would with a sign language interpreter. The studnet was being refused an equal oppurtunity for education. Engel v. Vitale June 25, 1962 Engel v. Vitale was a Supreme Court case that included a New York state rule that let public schools host a short, voluntary, nondenominational prayer at the beginning of the school day. A group of organizations came together in challenging the prayer, contending that it violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment. The New York Court of Appeals rejected their arguments . Brown v. Board of Education May 17, 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court case that ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. This was one of the steping stones of the civil rights movement which helped establish the “separate but equal” proceding in education and other services that weren’t equal at all. African American students had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated by race. Members of the case argued that such segregation violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment in the constitution.

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4 Conclusion The Supreme Court cases of the United States that evolve around education has set our nation with education laws for our students. These laws have included freedom of speech and other civil rights from individual rights and our rights to a Free and Appropriate Education (FAPE). These Supreme Court cases of the United States, enforces the liability and understanding of the rules and regulations that are set in place which includes safety of students and officials in the school system that includes but are not limited to drugs and other harmful actions of events that are deployed within education.

5 References Hall, D. E., & Feldmeier, J. P. (2021). Constitutional law (4th ed.). Pearson Education. Thomas, J. A. (2019, September 5). 11 landmark SCOTUS cases that changed American education . https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/11-landmark-supreme-court-cases-that- changed-american-education-gallery