USHIS Exam: Key Historical Events and Concepts Post-WWII

Question 1 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text Following World War II, American scientists made a critical contribution to the development of penicillin by Select one: a. demonstrating the value of antiseptic solutions to prevent infection. b. effectively using the antibacterial agent known as sulfanilamide. c. developing methods for its mass production and commercial distribution. d. discovering the antibacterial properties for which the drug was named. e. discovering it could be used to treat streptococcal blood infections. Question 2 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Select one: a. reaffirmed the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision. b. passed by a narrow 5–4 vote. c. set specific timetables for enactment. d. declared that separate educational facilities were unlawful. e. arose from a case involving segregation in Mississippi. Question 3 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13

Flag question Question text During the 1950s in the United States, married women who worked outside the home Select one: a. faced social pressures to stay at home with their children. b. increased in number throughout the decade. c. accounted for nearly one-third of all married women. d. both increased in number throughout the decade, and accounted for nearly one-third of all married women. e. All these answers are correct. Question 4 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text In the 1950s, crimes committed by juveniles Select one: a. were the most visible evidence of widespread restiveness among young Americans. b. did not receive much public attention. c. soared, particularly in categories of violent crimes. d. resulted in widespread social unrest during the decade. e. did not dramatically increase. Question 5 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13

Flag question Question text The political decline of Senator Joseph McCarthy began when he investigated Select one: a. the United States Senate. b. the Central Intelligence Agency. c. Dwight Eisenhower’s family. d. the civil rights movement. e. the army. Question 6 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro’s coming to power in Cuba by Select one: a. ending diplomatic relations. b. blockading Cuban ports. c. establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. d. ending diplomatic relations, blockading Cuban ports, and establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. e. None of these answers is correct. Question 7 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13

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Flag question Question text Until the early 1950s, the country the United States assisted in trying to control Vietnam was Select one: a. France. b. Taiwan. c. Japan. d. England. e. China. Question 8 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock’s best-selling Baby and Child Care contended that Select one: a. fathers needed to spend as much time as mothers in the care and raising of their children. b. mothers should stay at home with their children. c. families should not have more than three children. d. the ages of children in a family should not be spaced out over more than five years. e. children should not be breast-fed or allowed to sleep with their parents. Question 9 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 3.13 Flag question

Question text In his 1950 book, The Lonely Crowd , sociologist David Riesman argued that Americans were Select one: a. increasingly more likely to judge themselves on the basis of their own values. b. increasingly interested in winning approval from their family. c. increasingly more concerned with winning approval in the community or larger organization. d. both increasingly more likely to judge themselves on the basis of their own values, and increasingly interested in winning approval from their family. e. All these answers are correct. Question 10 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text The first significant public awareness of computers in the United States came during the Select one: a. 1961 Mercury space flight. b. 1957 launch of Sputnik . c. 1958 launch of the first American satellite. d. 1950 U.S. Bureau of the Census tabulations. e. 1952 election tabulations. Question 11 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text All of the following statements regarding affirmative action are true EXCEPT Select one:

a. affirmative action requires employers to adopt positive measures to recruit minorities. b. within a short amount of time, affirmative action guidelines quickly extended to virtually all institutions in the United States. c. affirmative action brought awareness to gender discrimination in the workplace and higher education. d. Lyndon Johnson supported affirmative action. e. None of these answers is correct. Question 12 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text The correct chronological order of the following events is Select one: a. Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban missile crisis . b. Cuban missile crisis , Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs , Vienna summit. c. Berlin Wall, Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis , Bay of Pigs . d. Bay of Pigs , Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis , Berlin Wall. e. Bay of Pigs , Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Cuban missile crisis . Question 13 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text President Lyndon Johnson’s Medicare program Select one: a. was broadly unpopular in the form in which it was enacted.

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b. provided benefits to all seniors regardless of need. c. appealed mainly to poor and working-class Americans. d. built on the success of his Medicaid program. e. angered doctors by forcing them to lower their fees. Question 14 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text In 1961, President John Kennedy believed the major struggle against communism in the future would be waged in Select one: a. the Baltic. b. Western Europe. c. China. d. Eastern Europe. e. the Third World. Question 15 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text In 1961, President John Kennedy saw legislative success in Select one: a. a major civil rights bill. b. tariff reductions. c. improved Soviet-American relations.

d. a major tax increase. e. a reduction of Social Security. Question 16 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text In the 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon called for Select one: a. an end to the Cold War with the Soviet Union. b. an immediate withdrawal of American military forces in Vietnam. c. a new commitment to effective social reform. d. stability and national law and order. e. the diplomatic recognition of China. Question 17 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text Between 1960 and 1970, the Latino population of the United States Select one: a. rose by 25 percent. b. rose by 50 percent. c. doubled. d. tripled. e. sextupled. Question 18 Correct

3.13 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text Early during the feminist movement, the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on Select one: a. changing the traditional concepts of women in the home. b. addressing the needs of women in the workplace. c. abortion rights. d. helping poor and minority women. e. passing the Equal Rights Amendment. Question 19 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 3.13 Flag question Question text The 1969 Woodstock music festival was Select one: a. held to establish cooperatives based on the principles of communal living. b. organized as a rally in protest to the Vietnam War. c. designed to make amends for the events of Altamont four months earlier. d. formed to help heal the cultural divisions within American society. e. a powerful symbol of the ideals of the counterculture philosophy. Question 20 Correct 3.13 points out of 3.13

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Flag question Question text The intent of President Richard Nixon’s “ Vietnamization ” policy was to Select one: a. expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam. b. have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting. c. declare an immediate end to the conflict. d. expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina. e. concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF. Question 21 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Select one: a. refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel. b. raised the price of oil by 500 percent. c. helped to precipitate a fuel shortage in the United States. d. both refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel, and raised the price of oil by 500 percent. e. All these answers are correct. Question 22 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12

Flag question Question text President Richard Nixon’s appointments to the Supreme Court Select one: a. were twice rejected by the Senate. b. included the first nomination of a female justice. c. culminated in the successful appointment of G. Harrold Carswell to the Court. d. both included the first nomination of a female justice, and were twice rejected by the Senate. e. All these answers are correct. Question 23 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text President Richard Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 Select one: a. was designed to bring the United States closer to Chiang Kai-shek. b. was opposed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. c. moved the United States into a deeper conflict with the Soviet Union. d. came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations . e. aroused deep animosity from the majority of Chinese communists. Question 24 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question

Question text On the economic front, during the Carter administration, Select one: a. interest rates rose to their highest level in American history. b. unemployment rose sharply. c. President Carter broke from the tight money policy of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. d. energy prices leveled off. e. retail prices fell at a 10 percent annual rate. Question 25 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text The crisis of American hostages being held in Iran Select one: a. lasted over one year. b. ended with a successful rescue operation by American troops. c. was resolved before the 1980 elections. d. both lasted over one year and was resolved before the 1980 election. e. None of these answers is correct. Question 26 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text George H. W. Bush’s 1988 presidential victory was primarily the result of Select one: a. the public’s disapproval of negative political advertising.

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b. his repeated attack on his opponent as a liberal. c. an overly aggressive Democratic strategy. d. damaging personal revelations regarding Michael Dukakis. e. public ebullience over the fall of communism. Question 27 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In the 1976 presidential election, Select one: a. the Democratic Party nominated the almost entirely unknown governor of Arkansas. b. President Gerald Ford faced his stiffest opposition from moderate Republicans. c. the Democrats nominated a political novice. d. Ronald Reagan mounted a powerful challenge against President Ford. e. Gerald Ford won the popular vote but lost the election. Question 28 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text The country President Ronald Reagan described as an “evil empire” in the early 1980s was Select one: a. China. b. Iran. c. the Soviet Union. d. Iraq.

e. North Korea. Question 29 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text All of the following statements regarding the Gulf War of 1991 are true EXCEPT that Select one: a. the United States suffered relatively few casualties in the war. b. the Allied ground offensive focused on dislodging Iraqi forces dug-in along the Kuwait border. c. almost all Islamic and Arab nations joined a trade embargo against Iraq. d. the United Nations voted in favor of American policies toward Iraq. e. the Allied forces ultimately numbered 690,000 troops. Question 30 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In the late 1980s, challenges to communist rule were LEAST successful in Select one: a. Poland. b. China. c. Romania. d. Czechoslovakia. e. Hungary. Question 31 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12

Flag question Question text The “supply-side” economic theory embraced by President Ronald Reagan called for Select one: a. balancing the federal budget. b. the privatization of Social Security. c. greater federal assistance to poor Americans. d. a reduction of defense spending. e. a reduction of personal and corporate taxes. Question 32 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text The term “terrorism” was first used in Select one: a. Palestine during the 1940s. b. Germany in the 1870s. c. Ireland in the 1960s. d. France in the 1790s. e. America in the 1860s. Question 33 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question

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Question text In the 1980s and 1990s, the most divisive cultural issue in the United States was Select one: a. abortion rights. b. racial relations. c. prayer in schools. d. gun control. e. gay marriage. Question 34 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In 1999, nearing the end of his presidency, Bill Clinton Select one: a. had endured many scandals and setbacks throughout his administration. b. saw his personal popularity higher than when he took office. c. faced another crisis in the Balkans. d. both saw his personal popularity higher than when he took office, and faced another crisis in the Balkans. e. All these answers are correct. Question 35 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text The Internet grew out of Select one:

a. a federal government agency called ARPA. b. the development of the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). c. the computer revolution. d. federal government program called ARPANET. e. All these answers are correct. Question 36 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text The World Wide Web, which helped establish an orderly system for both the distribution and retrieval of electronic information on the Internet , was introduced by British scientist Select one: a. Francis Crick. b. J. C. R. Licklider. c. Bill Gates. d. Colin MacLeod. e. Tim Berners-Lee. Question 37 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In 2002, President George W. Bush described an “axis of evil” made up of Iraq, Iran, and Select one: a. Syria. b. Libya.

c. North Korea. d. Lebanon. e. Somalia. Question 38 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win two terms as president since Select one: a. Lyndon Johnson. b. Harry Truman. c. Woodrow Wilson. d. Grover Cleveland. e. Franklin Roosevelt. Question 39 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In his first year as president, Bill Clinton secured from Congress all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. a significant reduction in many areas of government spending. b. an international free-trade agreement. c. a national health reform plan. d. a large tax increase on the wealthy.

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e. an expansion of tax credits to low-income working people. Question 40 Correct 3.12 points out of 3.12 Flag question Question text In 2001, regarding an international treaty signed in Kyoto, Japan, to reduce emissions in the atmosphere, President George W. Bush Select one: a. wanted stronger controls on greenhouse emissions than the treaty provided for. b. refused to participate in the agreement. c. sent the treaty to Congress but was defeated by Republican opposition. d. reluctantly agreed to abide by the treaty. e. wholeheartedly endorsed the treaty.

Graded Exam #4 USHIS

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