03 - Scramble for the Americas

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 3. The Scramble for the Americas Spain’s Conquest of the New World The formation of the Spanish New World empire and its consequences for world politics. The Iberian Thrust Portugal’s and Spain’s voyages of discovery. Why did Iberians sail into the Atlantic and stumble upon the New World ? Columbus and his Consequences Two international systems collide: the European and the Mesoamerican. 1492 as a turning point in world history—and the history of international relations relations. The Conquest of the Mexican Empire The Spanish conquest of the Mexica Empire. Why did a complex agrarian empire succumb so quickly to a (relatively) tiny number of Spanish conquistadors ? The Conquest of the Incan Empire The Spanish conquest of the Incan Empire. Ditto. (But what, if anything, made the conquest of the Inca different from the conquest of the Mexica ? ) American Empire and European Geopolitics What difference did Spain’s vast American Empire make to Spanish efforts to dominate Europe in the 16th and early 17th centuries ? The New World as a Strategic Hinterland Where do the Americas situate in relation to the evolution of Europe’s early-modern international system ? Europe's Counter-Hegemonic Wars The backlash against Spanish-Habsburg in Europe. What strategies do France and the Protestant powers employ, and how do these strategies shape international relations ? How to Justify Colonial Predation? What are the consequences of Europe’s expansion into the non-European world for early-modern ideas about international society and international order ? The Endurance of Indigenous (North) America Where does North America fit in relation to the pattern of early-modern colonization in the Americas ? Why does Native independence endure for longer in the North ? The Making of Anglo-America The English colonization of the North American seaboard through 1640s. How did New England differ from New France and New Spain ? 1648: A pivot of European geopolitics? The resurgence of Europe’s counter-hegemonic wars in the 1620s (Thirty Years’ War). The Peace of Westphalia (1648). What does it do, and what doesn’t it do ? The Second Hundred Years War From the wars of anti-Habsburg containment to renewed Anglo-French confrontation. Unlike the last, the new Hundred Years War spans two worlds.
2 The Invention of Great Britain The transformations of the English/British state during the 17th and 18th centuries. How did the English Revolution and the Glorious Revolution reshape European geopolitics ? The Anglo-French Struggle for North America The “Second Hundred Years War” and its consequences for European colonization, especially in North America. The Seven Years War as colonial climax ? Into a New Era of Colonial Wars The rise of Louis XIV’s France—and the escalation of the Anglo-French struggle. The expansion of the Anglo-French conflict into North America. Slavery and Colonization in the Atlantic World The depopulation of the New World and the enslavement of African labor. The problem of accountability for the transatlantic slave trade. The Colonial Struggle Escalates The escalation of European colonial warfare in the mid-17C. The historical significance of Captain Robert Jenkins’ severed ear. The War of the Austrian Succession The War of Austrian Succession (1740-48). How do protagonists understand the colonial war in relation to the struggle for security in Europe ? The First World War, 1755-1763 The origins and the waging of the Seven Years War, aka the “French and Indian War,” aka the “Great War for Empire,” aka the “First World War.” The Peace of 1763.
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