Causes and Effects of European Exploration of the Americas

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES & EFFECTS OF OF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION OF THE AMERICAS? UNIT 3 PART 1 7.2a Europeans in search of a route to Asia explored New York’s waterways. Early settlements began as trading posts or missions.

1. CRUSADES (1095)  A series of holy wars that lasted centuries.  Crusaders from Europe tried to capture the Holy Land and holy city of Jerusalem. Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

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1. CRUSADES (1095)  Result:  Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asia (silks & spices). Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

5 Allspice Saffron Cinnamon Cotton Ginger Nutmeg Oranges Lemons Limes Silk Pepper  Europeans wanted these goods from the Middle East.  Merchants in the Middle East ( Muslim merchants ) charged too much for these goods. 1. TRADE & SILK ROAD

European kings/queens wanted to find faster and cheaper ways to get to India/China where they could trade for these goods. European kings and queens began sending explorers to search for a water route to India and China. 1. TRADE & SILK ROAD

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7 CRQ : THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES DIRECTIONS: Study the cause and effect chart and then answer the questions. The Causes and Effects of the Crusades: 1. Which cause of the Crusades occurred after the Turks conquered the Holy Land? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What effect did the Crusades have on control of the Holy Land? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Europeans develop an interest in trade as a result of the Crusades? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ THE CRUSADES Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

1. During the 1400s, technological advances in navigation, and naval engineering, like the rudder and compass led to the a.Rise of the Aztec Empire b.Rise of the Inca Empire c.Age of Exploration d.Age of Ship building UNIT 3 EQ 1: HOW DID THE CRUSADES HELP BRING CHANGES TO EUROPE?

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2. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three? a.Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another. b.European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories. c.Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power. d.Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible UNIT 3 EQ 1: HOW DID THE CRUSADES HELP BRING CHANGES TO EUROPE?

2. EXPLORERS  Marco Polo , From Venice, Italy.  Found a land route to the silks & spices of the Orient (China/India/Far East). Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

2. EXPLORERS  Results:  Italy controlled the silk & spice trade (became wealthy).  Other European nations tried to find a shorter/cheaper route eastern Asia (silks & spices).  European explorers began to search for a water route to Asia (da Gama, Columbus, Magellan).

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Name Nationalit y Saili ng From Dates of Travel Destination Impact/Accomplishments Christopher Columbus I T A L I A N S P A I N 1492- 1504 SEARCH FOR A NEW ROUTE TO ASIA (CHINA, JAPAN, INDIA) ALL WATER ROUTE TO THE INDIES *EXPLORED THE WEST INDIES AND THE CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN ISLANDS HAITI AND JAMAICA *OPENED TRADE BETWEEN EUROPE & THE NEW WORLD *FOUND INDIANS IN THE NEW WORLD AND NAMED THEM BECAUSE HE THOUGHT HE WAS IN THE INDIES Vasco de Gama G E R M A N P O R T U G A L 1497- 1502 SEARCH FOR A NEW ROUTE TO ASIA *SAILED AROUND AFRICA TO INDIA * FIRST TO OPEN UP EUROPEAN TRADE DIRECTLY WITH THE EAST BY SEA *SEIZED PORTS IN INDIAN OCEAN * TRADING EMPIRE *FORCED TREATY ON CALICUT, INDIA

Bartholomew Dias P O R T U G U E S E P O R T U G A L 1487- 1488 SEARCH FOR A NEW ROUTE TO ASIA SAILED AROUND THE SOUTERN TIP OF AFRICA NAMED THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE- BOTTOM OF AFRICA IMPORTANT TO LATER EXPLORERS BECAUSE THEY WANT TO FOLLOW IN HIS FOOTSTEPS Vasco Nunez de Balboa S P A N I S H S P A I N 1513 SEARCH FOR SPANISH GOLD IN THE AMERIC AS 1 ST EUROPEAN TO LEAD AN EXPEDITION TO HAVE SEEN OR REACHED THE PACIFIC OCEAN FOR THE NEW WORLD CROSSED THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA

Ferdinand Magellan P O R T U G U E S E S P A I N & P O R T U G A L 1519- 1522 SEARCH OF SPICES AND PACIFIC OCEAN PHILLIPINES FIND A ROUTE TO THE EAST BY GOING WEST LED FIRST EXPEDITION TO SAIL AROUND THE WORLD TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE GLOBE REVEALED A NEW WORLD PROVING THE EARTH WAS ROUND DIED DURING THE EXPEDITION BUT HIS CREW FINISHED THE CIRCUMNAVIATION John Cabot E N G L I S H E N G L A N D 1497- 1501 ??? SEARCH FOR NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO REACH THE RICHES OF ASIA (INDIA) EXPLORED EAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA CLAIMED PARTS OF CANADA FOR ENGLAND HELPED PROVE THE EARTH WAS ROUND

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Jacques Cartier F R E N C H C A N A D I A N E N G L A N D 1534- n1542 SEARCH FOR NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO REACH THE RICHES OF ASIA EXPLORED THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER IN NEW YORK DISCOVERED PARTS OF CANADA VIA ESTUARIES CREATED TRADE RELATIONSHIPS WITH NATIVE AMEICANS FOUNDATION FOR FRENCH SETTLEMENTS ON CANADIAN AND NEW YORK LANDS Henry Hudson ENG LISH E N N E G T L H A E N R D L A N D 1609 ENG 1610-11 DUTCH SEARCH FOR NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO REACH THE RICHES OF ASIA ENGLAND-HUDSON BAY, HUDSON RIVER, HUDSON STRAIGHT NETHERLANDS-EAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE HUDSON RIVER AS WELL AS WESTERN CANADA ALLOWED FOR THE EXPANSION OF TRADE THROUGH CANADIAN REGIONS DISCOVERED SECTIONS OF THE ARTIC

1. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS  Sailed from Spain to find the riches of the Orient (silks & spices).  Journey paid by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.  Columbus wanted to sail west from Spain across the Atlantic to reach the Far East (Orient). Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?  Columbus was right about the shape of the earth, he was wrong about the size. Columbus was off by  11,000 miles.  Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Sea: He believed he had reached the East Indies and named the indigenous (native) people “Indians”.  Columbus failed in his mission. He set out to find the riches of the Orient, not a new world. 1. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

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21 MAP EXERCISE: DIRECTIONS: 1. Locate the following on the map. Spain Portugal South America Atlantic Ocean Hispaniola Cuba Africa North America Caribbean Sea 2. Use a colored pencil and draw the route that represents the 1 st voyage that Columbus made to the New World. 3. Create a key in the blank box showing the 1 st voyage and the dates for the 1 st voyage. COLUMBUS REACHES AMERICA

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23 CRQ: WHY DID COLUMBUS SAIL WEST TO REACH ASIA? DIRECTIONS: Read the information below, study the map, and then answer the questions. Starting in 1271, young Marco Polo of Venice, Italy, traveled overland to China with his father and uncle. Marco Polo spent close to 20 years there. While in China, he heard of Japan from Chinese sailors. On his way back home, Marco Polo visited some of the islands called the Indies (now Indonesia, the Philippines, and part of Malaysia). He also visited India and Persia (now Iran) before returning overland to Europe. Marco Polo’s book about his journeys inspired Europeans to open trade routes for spices, silks, teas, and medicines from the Far East. When the overland routes were blocked in the mid-1400’s, Europeans began searching for a sea route. One of the searchers was Christopher Columbus. Columbus had a map (below) made around 1469 by an Italian scientist named Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. Toscanelli’s map showed Japan, China, and the Indies on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean. Japan was shown as being about 2,700 miles due west of Spain’s Canary Islands (near the coast of North Africa). When Columbus sailed from the Canary Islands on September 9, 1492, he probably used Toscanelli’s map as a guide. When he didn’t find Japan, Columbus figured that he had sailed past it and reached a small island in the Indies. When he met the natives of this island, he called the Indians because he believed that he had reached the Indies. We now know that he had reached the Americas instead. 1. Why did Columbus think he could reach the Indies by sailing west? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. When Columbus reached land in October of 1492, what name did he give to the natives that he came into contact with? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Why was it impossible for Columbus to reach Asia (India and China) on the course he followed from Europe? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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24 AMERIGO VESPUCCI EXPLORES THE CARIBBEAN Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian sailor sent by Spain and Portugal to explore the coast of America. Between 1497 and 1503, Vespucci made several voyages of exploration there. Letters he wrote about his discoveries caused a French geographer to call the lands “America” in honor of the explorer. Amerigo Vespucci’s first voyage to America was made in 1497. After exploring the northern coast of Central America, he sailed across the Gulf of Mexico and up the coast of North America. This reading is part of a letter Vespucci wrote describing that voyage. CRQ 5: AMERIGO VESPUCCI EXPLORES THE CARIBBEAN DIRECTIONS: Read the following information and then answer the questions that follow “…We set out from the port of Cadiz (in Spain) on the 10th day of May, 1497… in which voyage we were eighteen months; and discovered much continental land and innumerable (a great many) islands… And so we sailed on till at the end of 37 days we reached a land which we deemed (believed) to be a continent… And the next day when the dawn appeared we saw that there were infinite numbers of people upon the beach… They are of a medium stature (height), very well proportioned; their flesh is of a color that verges into red like a lion’s mane… The hair of their head is long and black, and especially in the women, whom it renders (makes) handsome… Their arms (weapons) are bows and arrows, very well made, save (except) that the arrows are not tipped with iron nor any kind of hard metal; and instead of iron they put animals’ or fishes’ teeth or a spike of tough wood on their arrows… They are sure marksmen, for they hit whatever they aim at; and in some places women use the bows… These people have neither King nor Lord, nor do they yield obedience to anyone, for they live in their own liberty… They live and are contented with that which natures gives them. The wealth that we enjoy in… Europe… such as gold, jewels, pearls, and other riches, they hold (regard) as nothing, and although they have them in their own lands, they do not labor to obtain them, nor do they value them. They are liberal in giving, for it is rare they deny you anything… Many tribes came to see us… and they asked us whence (where) we came from; and we gave them to understand that we had come from heaven… and they believed it. In this land we placed baptismal fonts (religious vessels) and an infinite number of these people were baptized (made Christians).” 1. How did Vespucci describe the Native Americans he met on this voyage? TTQA __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the America’s get the name “America”? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE CHANGES THE WORLD  Columbus’ discovery of the Americas changed the economy of the new world (Americas) and old world (Europe).  Both sides received new products and foods.  The Columbian Exchange created a global economy. Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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26 CRQ : THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE DIRECTIONS: Read the information below, study the map, and then answer the questions. 1. List 5 items that the Europeans brought to the America’s, from Europe, that the Native Americans did not have. A. ____________________ C. ____________________ E. ____________________ B. ____________________ D. ____________________ 2. List 5 items that the Native Americans shared with the Europeans and the Europeans took back to Europe. A. ____________________ C. ____________________ E. ____________________ B. ____________________ D. ____________________ 3. What does the phrase “Columbian Exchange” mean. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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POSITIVE RESULTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE:  New foods and resources were made available.  Some Europeans sought religious freedom in the New World.  New opportunities for Europeans emerged in the New World. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dc4U87NW6Sw Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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NEGATIVE (-) RESULTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE:  Europeans brought disease (smallpox & influenza).  Millions of Native American Indians die.  Many Native Americans are enslaved.  Causes the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.  Native American cultures are destroyed.  Marks the beginning of Old Imperialism. Unit 3 EQ3: How did the interactions and exposure with Europeans historically impact the indigenous people?

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30 CRQ: MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION, 1519-1521 DIRECTIONS: Study the map below and then answer the questions that follow. 1. What is the title of the map? _________________________________________ 2. What oceans did Magellan’s voyage cross? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the dotted line represent? a. the voyage of both Magellan and his crew c. Magellan’s route around South America b. the route that Magellan took to get home d. the route of only Magellan’s crew after Magellan was killed 4. What happened to Magellan’s crew after Magellan was killed? a. they sailed to Asia and stopped c. they sailed to South America b. they sailed home to Europe d. they ended their journey at the spot where Magellan was killed Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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