2250 - Worksheet Activity 1
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Apr 3, 2024
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KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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KIN 2250B: Workshop Activity #1 (2.5%)
Objective: To learn about the diverse literature within the broad sport sociology field, and to get more comfortable with literature searching and reading comprehension.
Why? To prepare for your article comprehension assignment and Super Bowl Analysis.
How?
During your Week 3 Friday class, the TAs will guide you through the attached activity on literature searching, which you will complete and submit to OWL by the end of class. Please ensure you review all five pages of this worksheet.
When is it due? Friday, Jan. 27 by either 2:20 p.m. (soft deadline) or 5:00 p.m. (hard deadline). Where and what do I submit?
You will submit this entire completed worksheet to OWL.
What do I need?
You will need your laptop (
recommended
) or mobile device (
possible/not recommended
), internet access, and knowledge of how to take screenshots on your device.
Literature Searching Activity Guide
1.
Identify one
of your favourite sports (could be either as a player and/or spectator). My favourite sport is Football(SOCCER)
2.
Identify one
social issue/problem
that is relevant to that sport. CORRUPTION IN MAJOR SPORTING BODIES ON HOW THE HOSTS OF THE WORLD CUP ARE DETERMINED 3.
Identify a one group or community
of people that might be affected by this issue/problem
in a unique way. CITIZENS OF THE COUNTRIES THAT GET THE BID AND HAVE TO GO THROUGH EXTREME WORKING CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO BE READY FOR THE WORLD CUP. THIS IS RELEVANT TO THE QATAR CITIZENS FOR THE 2022 WORLD CUP
4.
Use your answers to the first three instructions as keywords and complete an “Advanced Search”
in the literature database JSTOR. a.
To do so, go to https://www.lib.uwo.ca/
and click on the link to JSTOR in the “Top Databases” List on the homepage.
i.
Make sure you are logged in to your WesternU library account.
b.
Insert your keywords into the search boxes. c.
Select “Articles” from Item Type under “Narrow Results”
d.
Click “Submit Advanced Search”
e.
Take a screenshot of the results page with the key words visible in the address bar
and include it in your answer sheet.
f.
Select a sociology of sport article that was published between 2010 and 2020
, and which contains at least two of your three keywords and copy and paste the
KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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title and abstract in your answer sheet.
5.
Conduct a “Forward Citation Search”
of the chosen article in Google Scholar to see if the topic has been researched more recently. a.
To do so, copy and paste, or write, your chosen article’s citation into the Google Scholar search bar and search for it within Google Scholar’s database
b.
Your article should appear as a result, and underneath the title there will be a “cited by” link. Click this link, and it will populate a list of all the articles that have cited your chosen article.
c.
Take a screenshot of the results page with the chosen article visible in the search bar and include it in your answer sheet.
d.
Select a sociology of sport that contains at least two of your three keywords
form this results page, and copy and paste the title and abstract in your answer sheet 6.
After you have completed this, select one of the articles from your completed searches and conduct a “first pass” read of the chosen article. This means that you read: the abstract, introduction, and conclusion, as well as the headings and subheadings from the rest of the article. As you read, please identify, and write down (
in a short sentence or point form for each
) the following on your answer sheet: a.
Title of Article:
b.
The Problem
: c.
The Community
: d.
Methods
: this is how the research was carried out
e.
Main Result
f.
Significance
: this is the “so what?” of the study. Why is it important for us to know more about this?
KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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WORKSHOP ACTIVITY #1 ANSWER SHEET
Keyword 1 (Favourite Sport)
SOCCER
Keyword 2 (Social Issue)
CORRUPTION
Keyword 3 (Social Group)
QATAR
Screenshot #1 – JSTOR Search Results
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KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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Journal Article #1 Title and Abstract – JSTOR
MEGA SPORTING EVENTS PROCEDURES AND HUMAN RIGHTS: DEVELOPING AN INCLUSIVE FRAMEWORK
Abstract:
Mega-events, such as the Olympic Games and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (“FIFA”) World Cup, have a tremendous impact on the world. Every two to four years, countrymen rally together to watch their country’s team compete on the world’s stage. Many fans will even travel across the globe to cheer their team on in person. Because of the prestige that comes with being selected as a host country, many strive to host one or more of these events; some even seek the return of the games after having hosted them once. With the perceived benefits of hosting a mega-event, however, comes the great responsibility and pressure to hold bigger and better games each time. The pressure to hold a
more impressive mega-event than the last host country has caused the costs of hosting these
sporting events to skyrocket in recent years. A report in the Journal of Economic Perspectives
estimated that, on the higher end, the 2008 Beijing Summer Games cost China over $45 billion, and the 2014 Sochi Winter Games cost Russia over $51 billion.2 On the lower end, however, the 2012 London and 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games cost each country just over $11 billion.3 Following the 2014 Men’s World Cup in Rio de Janeiro, FIFA estimated that Brazil spent a total of just over $15 billion to host the tournament. [Vol. 41 4Given the enormous costs cited in these reports, even the lower end of tens-of-billions of dollars is not easy for most countries to find within their annual budgets. And, according to the American Economic Association, “for most modern Olympics, the costs have far outstripped the benefits.” 5Considering the publicity associated with hosting a mega-event, such as these two
worldwide sporting events, one would presume that countries would seek to host clean events, with all efforts conducted legally and without shortcuts. Throughout the history of mega sporting events, however, this presumption has been obliterated by stories of mounting pressure put upon host countries to cut corners to complete projects quickly and cheaply.
KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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Screenshot #2 – Google Scholar Search Results
KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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Journal Article #2 Title and Abstract – Google Scholar
Breakthrough or much ado about nothing? FIFA’s new bidding process in the light of best practice examples of human rights assessments under UNGP Framework
Over the years, ‘Mega-Sporting Events’ (MSE) increasingly have been facing public indignation caused by MSE-linked human rights violations in hosting countries and accusations of corruption in the bidding processes. These negative implications have affected the legitimacy and reputation of MSE and led, besides other Sports Governing Bodies, the Fédération de Football Association (FIFA) to integrate human rights into their statues and internal policies and to adopt new, human rights-
sensitive, Bidding Regulations. This paper evaluates whether the required human rights impact assessment (HRIA), required under
the new Bidding Regulations, can be a ‘game changer’ for the protection of human rights in the context of MSE. Therefore, the article will first identify the new requirements as result of the recent MSE and human rights discourse and embed FIFA’s approach in the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) Framework. The paper will then identify standards and best practice examples for HRIA under the UNGP Framework, which serve as benchmarks for the evaluation of the approach taken by FIFA and its implementation by the submitted Bid Books. While parts of the framework for the HRIA established by FIFA are quite progressive, other parts do not qualify for ‘playing in the premier league’. Areas of concern are the meaningful engagement of stakeholders, monitoring as well as aspects of transparency. Therefore, the paper suggests to mandate a multi-stakeholder entity to develop the human rights strategy, to conduct the HRIA and to monitor the human rights performance, as well as to implement of a fixed human rights evaluation matrix.
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Title of Article
Breakthrough or much ado about nothing? FIFA’s new bidding process in the light of best practice examples of human rights assessments under UNGP Framework
Problem
What issues are being
addressed?
The problem they are addressing is that MSE and cooperation like FIFA have not done their best to consider the human rights situations in the countries that they award these major events to due to the corruption and bribery that happens in the bidding processes. It also addresses the new human right impact assessment that FIFA plans to implement in to their bidding system Community
Who is being impacted
and/or will benefit from the
research?
The focus of the research is on these major sporting bodies namely FIFA and how their new regulations on
the assessing human rights in the countries they award the bids would be a game changer in the bidding process. These big cooperations benefit from this research as the research undertaken is to find better ways in which these cooperations can make their human rights policies better. The citizens will also benefit from this as their human rights will be getting protected. The people affected by this are the citizens of the countries whose human rights aren’t being considered properly when awarding the bids.
Methods
How did the researchers
conduct the research?
The research was carried out by contextualizing FIFA’s new human rights rules
in relation to the the United Nations Guiding
KIN 2250B – Workshop #1
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Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) Framework . They then researched to find the best practises for fifa to do this in relation to the UNGP.
Main Result
What did the researchers
learn based on their
research?
The main result of this research was that even though the bringing in of human rights requirement in the bidding process is a welcome thought, there are too many gaps and
weaknesses in successfully implementing this. Some of the issues with the rule include the possibility that the human rights assesement can’t really be monitored well leading to potential fake data. The article suggest that FIFA outsource the monitoring of this rule in the bidding countries as this will serve as a safety blanket for FIFA incase of any corruption as they wont’t be the primary suspect of the corruption as they have been in previous years. The article also says that it is more important to actually want to protect the human rights rather give it a qualitative assesement which can be tampered with.
Significance
Why is their research
important?
This is an important study for us to know about because it tells us that it’s going to take way more than
just a new rule from the cooperations in order to fix this problem that has been present for a long time. The
changes itself should begin from the countries and how they handle the human rights of their citizens. With the already existing corruption in fifa, some countries can still lie or pay their way through this new
rule. The changes have to stem from the countries and their own ethical beliefs on humans and how they should be treated