Module 13 Assignment
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School
SUNY Westchester Community College *
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Course
130
Subject
Health Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by EarlMantis3687
Case Study 23.1
Obesity
M.R., age 12 years, weighs 26 kg/57 lbs and is 60 in/150 cm tall. She is concerned about her weight but
finds it hard to “diet” because her family constantly snacks while watching TV. She enjoys texting friends
and using the computer for chats and surfing the latest musical groups. Her father tells her not to worry
about her weight, that men like women with some “meat on their bones.” Although she likes swimming,
she has stopped going to the local pool since her weight has increased.
1.
Why are specific tables used to calculate body mass index in children and adolescents rather
than a simple formula of mass divided by height used for adults?
Children's body composition changes with age and differs between genders. Specific growth charts and
tables account for these variations, providing a more accurate assessment of a child's body mass index
(BMI) relative to their peers. Children undergo rapid growth and development, and BMI interpretation
needs to consider age-related variations in height, weight, and body composition. Using tables allows
healthcare providers to compare a child's BMI to population norms for their age and gender, aiding in
the identification of potential growth or health issues. Percentile rankings on growth charts help assess
how a child's BMI compares to others in the same age group, offering a more nuanced understanding of
their growth patterns.
2.
What family factors are related to M.R.’s weight?
Family history and genetic factors can influence M.R.'s predisposition to certain body types and weight-
related conditions. Family eating patterns, food choices, and meal environments play a significant role in
M.R.'s nutrition and weight management. The family's support, or lack thereof, regarding healthy habits
and weight management can influence M.R.'s ability to maintain a healthy weight.
3.
What personal factors are related to M.R.’s weight?
M.R.'s personal concern about her weight and body image impacts her attitudes towards dieting and
physical activities.
Excessive use of technology for texting and computer activities may contribute to a sedentary lifestyle,
influencing weight.
M.R.'s father's perspective on body image and weight may affect her self-perception and attitudes
towards her own body.
M.R.'s preference for texting over physical activities and discontinuation of swimming contribute to her
overall activity level and weight-related concerns.
M.R.'s family's habit of snacking while watching TV shapes her dietary environment, potentially
impacting her eating habits and weight.
4.
M.R. is at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome because of her weight. What potential life-
threatening health problems may she experience if she does develop this syndrome?
Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), kidney
disease, increased risk of blood clots.
5.
When will such health problems most likely occur?
The serious health problems associated with metabolic syndrome, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2
diabetes, and other complications, are more likely to manifest in adulthood, especially if risk factors like
obesity persist from childhood.
6.
What changes in body function occur in metabolic syndrome, and how are these monitored?
Insulin Resistance: Cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
Abnormal Lipid Levels: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism, resulting in elevated triglycerides and reduced
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Blood Tests: Regular monitoring of blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure through laboratory
tests.
Physical Examination: Assessment of waist circumference, which is often increased in metabolic
syndrome.
Health Check-ups: Periodic health check-ups to evaluate overall health and identify risk factors.
Lifestyle and Diet Management: Monitoring lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and weight to address
contributing factors.
7.
How can M.R. change her lifestyle to reduce complications? What support would be helpful?
Healthy diet, regular physical activity, reduce screen time and sedentary activities by incorporating more
active pursuits into her daily routine, develop healthy habits around eating, incorporating mindful eating
practices, and addressing emotional triggers for unhealthy behaviors.
Study Questions
1.
Differentiate structural from functional scoliosis, and give an example of a cause of each type.
Structural Scoliosis:
Involves a permanent, structural deviation in the spine's alignment, often due to
vertebral abnormalities or uneven growth.
Example Cause:
Congenital vertebral anomalies, where the spine forms abnormally during fetal
development.
Functional Scoliosis:
Involves a temporary curvature in the spine, typically caused by factors outside the
spine, such as muscle imbalances, leg length discrepancies, or postural habits.
Example Cause:
Muscle imbalances or asymmetrical use of the body, leading to a temporary curvature
that can be corrected with appropriate interventions.
2.
Explain how anorexia and bulimia can have serious consequences.
Anorexia Nervosa:
Severe Weight Loss: Excessive calorie restriction leading to emaciation and malnutrition.
Organ Damage: Impacts multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, and bones.
Psychological Effects: Severe emotional distress, anxiety, and depression.
Bulimia Nervosa:
Electrolyte Imbalance: Frequent purging through vomiting or laxative use can lead to electrolyte
imbalances, risking cardiac complications.
Dental Issues: Enamel erosion and dental problems due to frequent exposure to stomach acid.
Gastrointestinal Problems: Digestive system complications, such as inflammation and potential organ
damage.
3.
Explain how scars may develop from acne.
Inflammation and Tissue Damage: Severe or prolonged inflammation associated with acne lesions can
damage the surrounding skin tissues.
Disruption of Collagen Production: Inflammatory processes may disrupt the normal production and
organization of collagen, a structural protein in the skin.
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Formation of Scar Tissue: The healing process may lead to the formation of fibrous scar tissue, altering
the texture and appearance of the skin.
4.
Describe the cause and transmission of infectious mononucleosis.
Most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
Transmission:
Saliva Contact: Primarily spread through the exchange of saliva, often through activities like kissing.
Close Person-to-Person Contact: Can also be transmitted through respiratory droplets during coughing or
sneezing, and less commonly through blood transfusions or organ transplants.
Incubation Period: The incubation period is usually four to six weeks, and individuals can be contagious
during this time and even before symptoms appear.
5.
Describe the cause and significance of metabolic syndrome.
Often arises from insulin resistance, where cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated
blood sugar levels.
Significance of Metabolic Syndrome:
Significantly raises the risk of developing serious health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, type
2 diabetes, and other complications.
Characterized by a cluster of interconnected risk factors, including abdominal obesity, elevated blood
pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal lipid levels, and increased inflammation.
Reflects a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance
of holistic approaches to reduce risk and manage associated conditions.