Public Health Chapter 16

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Ohio State University *

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2010

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Oct 30, 2023

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Public Health Chapter 16: Promoting Healthy Communities History of the Healthy Communities  World Health Organization (WHO), 1986  Ottawa Charter for Health o Building healthy public policy o Creating supportive environments o Strengthening community action o Developing personal skills o Reorienting healthy services – moving services closer to those who need to most help (put it where people need it) Healthy Communities and Cities Movement  1986: Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion o First worldwide action plan for health promotion Definition of Terms  Healthy place (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] definition)  Primary health care  International cooperation  Equity: everyone gets the basics of what they need (basic health care)  Health promotion  Community participation  Multisectoral cooperation: partnerships (getting as many perspectives to come up with the greatest solutions)  Appropriate technology Healthy Communities in the United States  CDC’s Healthy Communities Program o Emphasizes policy, systems, and environmental changes  Focus is on chronic diseases  Encourage physical activity, healthy diet  Discourage tobacco use o Tools for community action Developing a Healthy Community

 National Civic League o Address root causes  “health” goes beyond “absence of disease” o Collaborative, consensus based o Assets based  Defines people and relationships by their skills and abilities o Systems-level approach to challenges o Shared vision for the future Other Principles Useful in Developing a Healthy Community  The whole is greater than the sum of the parts o Change in one part affects the other parts  Collaboration is central to development of a healthy community  All systems have feedback loops o Information from one area is fed back to the whole o This feedback provides an opportunity for change or “course correction” Models for Developing a Healthy Community  Successful models o Establish priorities after  Careful assessment  A great deal of community involvement  Two examples o PAHO Healthy Municipalities and Communities movement (2018) o Community health promotion model  Institute for Action Research for Community Health/Indiana University (1994) PAHO General Model 1. Build a local support group 2. Know about the Healthy Cities idea 3. Know the city or community 4. Gain financial support

5. Decide where the organization for the project will be located 6. Develop the proposal 7. Appoint a project steering committee 8. Analyze the project environment 9. Define clearly the work of the project 10. Set up the project office 11. Plan a long-term strategy 12. Build project capacity 13. Establish accountability mechanisms Community Health Promotion Model 1. Orient the community to the idea of community health promotion 2. Build the partnership 3. Develop a structure in the community for health promotion 4. Determine who will lead the health promotion work 5. Assess the community 6. Plan the community-wide health 7. Develop community action for health 8. Provide information based on data to policy makers 9. Monitor and evaluate the progress

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