HS200_2302A_Unit_6_Assignment_Template (1) (3)
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Unit 6 Assignment
For this assignment, you will review several case studies on various types of cancers. You will then answer the following questions for each of the case studies:
●
Are there any signs and symptoms of this cancer?
●
Are there any risk factors which may be genetic and/or lifestyle related? Any possible preventive measure?
●
Is there any recommended screening procedure and appropriate diagnosis for cancer?
●
What are the traditional treatment options? Any side effects?
●
Are there any recommendations for complementary and alternative medicine treatment options for the cancer that may help ease side effects and improve patient’s quality of life?
In addition, you will also answer one question in each case study, posed by the patient, as if you are that patient’s physician. At least four professional references must be included
. All internet sources must be original articles or government resources (
NIH.gov
,
CDC.gov
,
medlineplus.gov
) or from websites of medical Institutes (
mayo.edu
,
mdanderson.org
,
dana-farber.org
) or American Cancer Society (
Cancer.org
). Wikipedia or other non-peer reviewed resources are not acceptable
.
Be sure to put your references in APA format
. Here is the link for
Academic Writer
.
Case Study #1
Jennifer is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who works as a legal assistant in a law firm. While showering one morning she notices a lump in her right breast. Jennifer knows her mother had a harmful mutation in the BRCA1 gene, and her mother died of breast cancer. Jennifer has also had a history of early menstruation. She has never been pregnant, although would like to have children one
day. Concerned, Jennifer sees her primary physician, who sends her to have a mammogram. The mammogram shows that she does
indeed have breast cancer. Her doctor discusses treatment options with her. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Breast Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
lump in right breast
Risk factors
●
Genetic: Harmful BRCA1 gene mutation
●
Lifestyle: Early menstruation, nulliparity
Screening/diagnosis
mammogram
Preventive measures
●
Genetic testing for BRCA1 mutation
●
Regular breast self-exams and mammograms
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgery (mastectomy or lumpectomy)
●
Radiation therapy
●
Chemotherapy
●
Hormone therapy
●
Side effects: Fatigue, nausea, hair loss; potential impact on fertility
CAM options
●
Acupuncture for managing treatment side effects
●
Mind-body techniques for stress reduction
Imagine you are Jennifer’s physician, and provide your response to her question: “How will these treatments affect my fertility?” (3 points)
"Jennifer, some treatments like chemotherapy can impact fertility. We can explore fertility preservation options, such as egg or embryo freezing, before starting treatment. Let's discuss these options further to address your concerns."
Case Study #2
John is a 40-year-old, 6-foot-tall African American male with a BMI of 30. He is in the real estate business, and likes to have a drink after work to unwind. He also enjoys going out with friends to a bar on weekends. John has approximately 20 drinks per week. At the doctor’s office during a regular checkup, he reports feeling tired at work, a change of bowel habits over the past 2 months, and occasionally has blood in his stool. He has a family history of colon cancer; his father had colon cancer, but has managed it through treatment and is alive and doing well. The physician sends him for a colonoscopy after a sigmoidoscopy. He is told after the procedure that a suspicious mass is detected and a biopsy and CT scan are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Colon Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
Fatigue, change in bowel habits, blood in stool
Risk factors
●
Family history of colon cancer
●
Lifestyle: High alcohol intake, BMI of 30
Screening/diagnosis
Colonoscopy, biopsy, CT scan
Preventive measures
●
Regular colonoscopies for high-risk individuals
●
Lifestyle modifications: Reduce alcohol intake, maintain a healthy BMI
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgery (colectomy)
●
Chemotherapy
●
Radiation therapy
●
Side effects: Fatigue, nausea, diarrhea
CAM options
●
Dietary supplements for symptom management
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●
Mind-body techniques for stress reduction
Imagine you are John’s physician, and respond to the concerns he expresses: “I’m nervous, Doctor. If the results come back indicating I have cancer, then what is my prognosis? What treatment options are there? (3 points)
"John, we'll need to confirm the diagnosis first, but if it is colon cancer, prognosis and treatment options vary. Let's discuss your results, and I'll explain the potential treatment plans and prognosis in detail."
Case Study #3
Sofia, a 65-year-old woman, visits her doctor, complaining of a 4 week history of right sided chest pain. She describes the pain as dull and intermittent, and has not changed over the last few weeks. She has also lost about 7 pounds last few months. After a series of tests and procedures such as chest X-ray, CT scan, sputum cytology, and biopsy of the lung tissue, Sofia is diagnosed with non-
small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). She used to smoke, but quit 10 years ago at age 55. She had started smoking at age 16. Her father was also a smoker, and died of lung cancer. She is informed about other tests and procedures that may be used in the staging process, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Sofia is terribly anxious and asks her doctor about the prognosis. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Lung Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
●
Right-sided chest pain, weight loss
Risk factors
●
Former smoker
●
Family history of lung cancer
Screening/diagnosis
●
Chest X-ray, CT scan, biopsy
Preventive measures
●
Smoking cessation
●
Avoidance of environmental carcinogens
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgery (lobectomy)
●
Chemotherapy
●
Radiation therapy
●
Side effects: Fatigue, nausea, respiratory issues
CAM options
●
Acupuncture for symptom management
●
Mind-body techniques for anxiety reduction
Imagine you are Sofia’s physician, and provide your response to her question: “What is the prognosis? How long do I have to live?” (3 points)
"Sofia, the prognosis varies, and we'll need more information from staging tests. Let's discuss your test results, and I'll provide a comprehensive overview of your prognosis and available treatment options."
Case Study #4
Andrew is 48 years old, works in a health insurance company, and is single. Through discussion with colleagues, he becomes aware of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test. He knows his father was diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age. Andrew decides to go for the PSA screening test. His higher than normal PSA blood test and digital rectum exam (DRE) test suggest he might have prostate cancer. A biopsy is done at his doctor’s office, and samples are sent to a lab. The pathologist confirms the presence of cancer cells in the samples and provided a Gleason score which is quite high. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points.
Prostate Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
Elevated PSA levels, high Gleason score
Risk factors
Family history of early-onset prostate cancer
Screening/diagnosis
PSA test, DRE, biopsy
Preventive measures
●
Regular prostate cancer screenings for high-risk individuals
●
Lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet, exercise
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgery (prostatectomy)
●
Radiation therapy
●
Hormone therapy
●
Side effects: Erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence
CAM options
●
Dietary supplements for symptom management
●
Mind-body techniques for stress reduction
Imagine you are Andrew’s physician, and provide your response to his question: “Should I put my sperm in a sperm bank before undergoing treatment? How will the surgery affect my regular life?” (3 points)
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"Andrew, considering your age and family history, preserving sperm before treatment is a wise decision. The surgery may affect your regular life temporarily, especially in terms of sexual function. Let's discuss these aspects further during our consultation."
Case Study #5
Larry, a 45-year-old marathon runner, visits his primary physician for a routine physical checkup. During the checkup, a suspicious looking mole is detected at the back of his left hand. The lesion has an appearance suggestive of melanoma. Larry informs his doctor
that the mole has gotten larger over the past two years. Larry has a light complexion. He typically goes for a 5-6 mile run every day, and spends time gardening and biking. He is not sure whether any of his relatives have or have had skin cancer. He is referred to a dermatologist, who believes the mole looks like skin cancer. The mole is surgically excised and sent to pathology lab for histologic analysis. Larry is diagnosed with malignant melanoma. As further treatment, Larry’s physician wants to remove his left axillary mass and do histologic examination to ascertain whether or not Larry’s melanoma has metastasized. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Skin Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
Changes in mole appearance, enlargement
Risk factors
●
Light complexion
●
Outdoor activities, history of marathon running
Screening/diagnosis
Dermatologist examination, excision, histologic analysis
Preventive measures
●
Sun protection: Sunscreen, protective clothing
●
Regular skin checks
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgical excision
●
Immunotherapy
●
Side effects: Scarring, immune-related adverse events
CAM options
●
Topical treatments for symptom management
●
Mind-body techniques for stress reduction
Imagine you are Larry’s physician, and provide your response to his question: “Can I still spend time outdoors? Is there anything special I’ll have to do in order to stay outside as often as I’d like?” (3 points)
"Larry, spending time outdoors is possible, but sun protection is crucial. You may need to be mindful of your sun exposure and use sunscreen regularly. We'll discuss a personalized plan to ensure you can continue outdoor activities safely."
Case Study # 6 - Student’s Choice
Choose one more form of cancer that you are interested in, and complete the table below for that cancer. Complete the table below. Each blank is worth 3.5 points. Pancreatic Cancer
Signs and Symptoms
Abdominal pain, weight loss
Risk factors
●
Family history of pancreatic cancer
●
Smoking
●
Age
Screening/diagnosis
CT scan, endoscopic ultrasound, biopsy
Preventive measures
●
Smoking cessation
●
Lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet, regular exercise
Traditional treatment options and side effects
●
Surgery (Whipple procedure)
●
Chemotherapy
●
Radiation therapy
●
Side effects: Nausea, fatigue, digestive issues
CAM options
●
Acupuncture for symptom management
●
Mind-body techniques for stress reduction
Anticipate a question that a patient who was recently diagnosed with the cancer you have chosen to research. Type that question below, and then provide an answer as if you are the patient’s physician. (6 points)
●
Patient Question:
"Will the surgery affect my ability to eat normally?"
●
Physician's Response:
"The Whipple procedure can impact digestion initially, but we'll work with a nutritionist to ensure you can resume normal eating habits post-surgery. Let's discuss your concerns in more detail during our consultation."
REFERENCES: (properly formatted references are a requirement for this assignment)
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Fight pancreatic cancer
. Pancreatica.org. (2023, June 27). https://pancreatica.org/fightpancreaticcancer/?
gclid=CjwKCAiAhJWsBhAaEiwAmrNyq8d9LiVOuO3bUodJZj22WtXmaL7AMGknvZrvwssgWityHjPnyAS_uBoCeUMQAvD_BwE Information and resources about for cancer: Breast, colon, lung, prostate, skin
. Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin | American Cancer Society. (n.d.). https://www.cancer.org/ Signs and symptoms of cancer: Gateway for cr
. Gateway For Cancer Research -. (2023, September 26). https://gatewaycr.org/about/in-the-
news/cancer-symptoms/?utm_source=google_cpc&utm_medium=ad_grant&utm_campaign=blog
%2Btraffic&gclid=CjwKCAiAhJWsBhAaEiwAmrNyq0m28hfU3o9yMXroOW6SHOmS7_lIvcsbI2hXXeTgKfxPrFTgCksIYxoCeB0QAvD_BwE