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TAFE NSW - Sydney Institute *
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2325
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Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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Exam Workplace health and safety (WHS) is everybody’s responsibility. Please discuss the
primary duties of the following parties in terms of WHS:
a. Construction Manager Construction managers are responsible for supervising all building and construction projects from the early planning stages, all the way to the completion date. Not only is it their role to hire and supervise workers, but they are also required to coordinate schedules and subcontractors, estimate costs of projects, progress reports to clients and directors, ensure safety codes are being met and guarantee the project is running on a set timeframe. the construction manager is required to complete include; coordinating all resources for labour, arranging and order delivery of building materials for site, consulting with all personnel involved in each project, reading and understanding all architectural drawings involved in the project, negotiating with builders, subcontractors and the property owners involved in order to ensure all processes of the project are adhered to according to the time and budget schedule, implanting coordinated programs of works for site workers and ensuring all building inspections are met and completed. Question 1 (continued)
b. PCBU A PCBU is a person conducting a business or undertaking, they have a primary duty of care to ensure the health and safety of workers while they work in the business or undertaking and other personnel that may be involved in carrying out work, such as visitors. provision and maintenance of a safe work environment, safe plant and structures, safe work systems, they must ensure safe use, handling and storage of plant, structures and substances, provisions of accessible and adequate facilities (for example access to bathrooms, lockers, and dining areas) Question 2 (15 marks)
The workplace health and safety (WHS) legal framework involves 5 main components: WHS Act
; WHS Regulations; WHS Code of Practice
; Standards; and Guidance Materials.
Choose 3 of the 5 main components comprising the WHS legal framework and briefly describe their function.
1 the Work Health and Safety Act aims to secure the health and safety of workers and the workplace through the elimination and minimisation of all risks,
fair and effective representation, consultation, cooperation, and issue resolution, encouraging employer organisations and unions to play a constructive role
, provision of advice,
information
, education and training, effective and appropriate compliance and enforcement measures. Also, under the WHS Act workers and others are to be given the highest level of protection from hazards and risk 2 A code of practice provides detailed information on specific work tasks to help one achieve the standards required under the Work Health and Safety laws. These do not replace the WHS laws, but codes of practice can help understand what must be done in a simple form. A well-written code of conduct connects an organization's mission, values, and ideals to professional conduct requirements. 3Work-related psychological health and safety – a systematic approach to managing
your tasks,' according to Safe Work Australia's current national advice document
Employers and other persons conducting a business or undertaking (PCBUs) can use the Safe Work Australia information as a complete guide to ensure they are doing everything possible to detect and manage psychological health and safety concerns in the workplace. 3 question
Workplace stress is one of the health hazards in construction. Discuss each of the following aspects regarding workplace stress:
1. Sources of workplace stress(5marks)
2. Stages of human stress response(5marks)
3. Strategie to reduce workplace stress(5marks) 1-Workplace stress is an increasing concern around the world, affecting not just employees' health and well-being, but also company productivity. Job-related stress occurs when a person's capacity and capability to cope with various sorts and combinations of work demands exceeds their capacity 2 -We live in a world where we put a lot of pressure on ourselves. It's no secret that we feel in today's culture that if we aren't busy being busy, we aren't working hard enough; and if we aren't working hard enough, we aren't deserving of success. they continue to pile up:
Alarm (fight or flight)
Resistance
Coping (recovery)
Adaptation (what happens when you don’t take time to recover) Burnou
3- Keep track of your sources of stress. For a week or two, keep a notebook to track which circumstances cause you the greatest stress and how you react to them.
Create healthy reactions. Instead of turning to fast food or booze to relieve stress, try
to make healthy choices when you're feeling stressed.
Define your limits. It's easy to feel pressured to be available 24 hours a day in today's digital age.
Take some time to re-energize. We need time to refill and recover to our pre-stress level of functioning to prevent the detrimental impacts of chronic stress and burnout.
Recognise how to unwind. Meditation, deep breathing exercises, and awareness are examples of techniques (a state in which you actively observe present experiences and thoughts without judging them) Question 4(20 marks)
An accident investigation needs to be performed when an accident occurs. One of the major tasks of accident investigation is to identify the root causes of the accident.
The root causes of accidents can be grouped into five categories: (1) Task; (2) Material; (3) Environment; (4) Personnel; and
(5) Management.
List at least two questions under each category that should be asked when investigating the root causes of an accident.
Task
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1.
Whatwastheemployeedoingatthetimeoftheaccident?
2.
Wastheemployeequalifiedtoper from this task
Materia
1. Were the proper tools or equipment being used?
2. Wastheproperproceduresbeingprovided?
Question 4 (continued) Environment
1. Was the task being conducted in the proper workplace area?
2. Where did the incident take place?
Personnel
1.
Did the employee completing the task ask ed to do this by a superior on their own?
2.
2. Did the employee follow the proper procedures? Question 4 (continued) Management
1. Wasthepropersupervisionbeingprovided?
2. Was the supervisor informed before the employee had completed the task?
Question 5 (10 marks)
Discuss five factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. Question 6
(12 marks)
Health hazards in construction can be placed into four groups, as follows:
1.
Physical
2.
Chemical
3.
Biological
4.
Environmental a. Fill in the names of the three missing groups above. (3marks)
b. Discuss each of the three groups and include an example for each group.
(9marks) Physical:
Physical risks are several forms of energy that might endanger construction workers. Noise, vibration, temperature extremes, and radiation are among them.
Noise-related dangers
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of noise. Hearing loss can be caused by noise levels above 85 db. Chemical:
Rapid technical advancement in the construction industry necessitates a growing focus on human security problems. Threats might arise during the construction of facilities as well as during their use. Some impacts, such as shocks and vibrations, are easier to detect during the building stage, while others, such as the hazardous effects of chemicals, are concealed from sight and direct sensation.
There are still objective hazards that may arise during the facility's existence, in addition to mishaps that occur on building sites. There are hidden hazards as well, such as bacterial contamination, radiation, or chemical reactions that occur over time, in addition to the obvious ones like as earthquakes, storms, and fires
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Organic chemicals that endanger the health of people and other living beings are known as biological hazards. Pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, poisons (from biological sources), spores, fungi, and bio-active compounds are all examples of biological hazards.
Biological hazards put many employees at risk in several ways. Workers in the health-
care industry, for example, are exposed to biological risks when they come into contact with human body matter such as blood, tissues, saliva, mucus, urine, and faeces, because these items are more likely to have viral or bacterial illnesses. Environmental:
The building industry consumes a significant amount of natural resources and has the potential to contaminate the environment. With fast urbanisation and population increase, emerging countries will inevitably consume more energy-intensive materials
like cement, steel, glass, and other building materials than they did two or three decades ago Question 7(12 marks)
The dollar cost of accidents can be grouped into two categories: direct costs, and indirect costs.
There are three further categories into which costs can be grouped. Fill in the names
of the three groupings in the blank spaces below: (3 marks)
1. Human cost 2. Social cost 3. Original cost
Also, give three examples of each of the three categories. (9 marks) Human Cost: workplace injury can have a permanent effect on the quality of life of the worker, which can also cause a strain on family, friends, and co-workers. Even when workplace injuries are only temporary, the loss of confidence may affect the worker long
after the physical symptoms have healed. Depression is also a common mental health issue,
especially when there are lasting physical effects from the injury.
Social Cost: an employee who has been injured at work often has to be supported by the community through treatment, in some cases for quite a long time. A worker who has been injured may need a great deal of support. An example of community support is when workplace rehabilitation services are used to assist the employee back into work.
Original cost: when an employee is injured, they may not be able to work for a period. This can cost the company money through sick pay obligations and losses in productivity. If the worker is unable to return to their pre-injury position, the company will have to find a replacement worker. This costs money in advertising, recruiting, and training.