398381239-Advance Pharmacology
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Nov 24, 2024
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Advance Pharmacology
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Advance Pharmacology
How patients with heart failure (HF) and those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
(STEMI) are treated, as well as those with hypertension (HTN), has undergone substantial
change in recent years. Particularly for those just starting in pharmacology, healthcare
practitioners must comprehend these shifts.
Firstly, Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) along with angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors are the classes of medications that have transformed into the ideal choice
options for many people with starting hypertension (Tsutsui et al., 2019). The renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) is the essential component of the activity of these drugs, much of the
time suggested as first-line treatment for individuals with hypertension. Previously, beta-blockers
and thiazide diuretics were often utilized as first-line medicines. However, they have been
reduced to secondary alternatives due to the improved effectiveness and fewer adverse effects of
ARBs and ACE inhibitors (Tsutsui et al., 2019). With fewer adverse metabolic side effects
associated with thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers, these recent medications help decrease
blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and lowering fluid retention.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and thiazide diuretics have been identified as the two
hypertension drugs of preference for African-American patients (Holt et al., 2022). Using this
strategy, it is acknowledged that people of African-American descent may react differently to
specific antihypertensive medications. Comparing CCBs and thiazide diuretics to ACE inhibitors
and beta-blockers, they may be more sensitive due to genetic and physiological variables. These
drugs are frequently more successful in decreasing blood pressure and lowering this population's
risk of cardiovascular events.
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It is crucial to remember that the choice of antihypertensive medications must always be
tailored to the patient's unique traits, comorbidities, and therapeutic response (Mancia et al.,
2022). The shifts in first-line options reflect our growing understanding of the biology of
hypertension and the demand for individualized care. In order to achieve optimum blood
pressure management and lower cardiovascular risks, healthcare professionals should consider
these aspects when choosing the best medicine for their patients (Mancia et al., 2022). Keeping
up with these developments is crucial for giving patients with cardiovascular problems the best
care possible as the science of pharmacology develops.
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References
Holt, H. K., Gildengorin, G., Karliner, L., Fontil, V., Pramanik, R., & Potter, M. B. (2022).
Differences in hypertension medication prescribing for Black Americans and their
association with hypertension outcomes. The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine, 35(1), 26-34.
Mancia, G., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kreutz, R., Pathak, A., Grassi, G., & Esler, M. (2022).
Individualized beta-blocker treatment for high blood pressure dictated by medical
comorbidities: indications beyond the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European
Society of Hypertension Guidelines. Hypertension, 79(6), 1153-1166.
Tsutsui, H., Isobe, M., Ito, H., Okumura, K., Ono, M., Kitakaze, M., ... & Yamashina, A. (2019).
JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 guideline on diagnosing and treating acute and chronic heart
failure―digest version―. Circulation Journal, 83(10), 2084-2184.