assignment 4

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Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell *

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220

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Geology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Post Lecture #4 Directions : Review lecture PPT thoroughly- watch all videos/read links on lecture PPT! Utilizing lecture materials on Canvas/Blackboard and appropriate online sourcing, please answer the following questions. Post Lecture Assignments are to be submitted as a Word doc or PDF file uploaded to Canvas/Blackboard on their assigned due date. You have two attempts to submit each Post Lecture. Post Lectures will not be accepted via email. Post Lecture Assignments are worth 100 points total each. __________________ List and describe the layers of the Geosphere from the Crust to Inner Core. There 5 layers of the geosphere. Crust, Mantle asthenosphere, mantle , outscore, inner core. Crust- rigid uppermost layer, solid rocks and minerals composed of mainly elements silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, oxygen, potassium, calcium sodium, 60 miles thick Mantle Asthenosphere- upper most portion of the mantle that connects to the crust, molten rock- silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, oxygen, potassium, sodium, calcium Mantle- dense molten rock, mantle total of about 1800 miles thick- iron, magnesium, calcium Outer Core- nickel and iron alloy (molten metal), 1300 miles thicker Inner Core- solid sphere of iron, diameter of760 miles What causes the Earth’s magnetic field? Explain. The relationship between the inner and outer core provides for earth’s magnetism at the poles. The flowing of liquid metal in the outer core of the planet generates electric currents. The rotation of earth on its axis causes these electric currents to form a magnetic field which extends around the planet. Provide the density values (g/cm3) for continental crustal plates and oceanic crustal plates. Continental plates: 2.9 g/cm3 and oceanic crustal plates: 3.09/cm3

What scientist founded the theory of Continental Drift :____ Alfred Wegener __________________ Complete the following table by providing the appropriate information. Theory Name Theory Explanation Continental Drift Proposed that all the continents were once a super continent called. Plate Tectonics Gives life to seismic activity and volcanism as the relationships between major plates create movement, on the earths crust. The Theory of Continental Drift was proposed before the Theory of Plate Tectonics and was instrumental in founding Plate Tectonics. Provide the first three lines of scientific evidence that drew support for and proof of the theory of Continental Drift? -seafloor connections: maps were drawn of ocean floor to matching continents together. - Paleontology: (seen right) fossilized life matched on multiple continents with the explanation that the continents were once together. -Geology: Geologic outcrops could be matched from one continent to another. Define the Theory of Plate Tectonics in your own words. What brings together continental drift and seafloor spreading. Describe how the relationship between the Mantle and the Crust creates the mechanisms of Plate Tectonics.

The relationship between the crust and the mantle is significant to plate tectonics. The molten rock (Magma) in the mantle creates moving heat energy that gradually move the thin, hard crustal plates on the surface. What are the three types of plate boundaries? Convergent Divergent Transform Provide the density values (g/cm3) for continental crustal plates and oceanic crustal plates. Which type of plate is more dense? Why does this matter? Continental plates: 2.9 g/cm3. Oceanic plates 3.0 g/cm3. Oceanic plate is denser. It matters because they are more denser rocks oceanic plates are typically composed of basalt. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terminology from the given work bank. Word Bank: plate boundaries, Crust, convergent, seismic, divergent, volcanic, transform, come together, move apart, side to side, Mantle Convection, tectonic plates, Mantle The _____ Crust _ _______is the upper most layer of Earth’s Geosphere. The crust is a thin, rigid, and cold layer at Earth’s surface that is broken into twelve large pieces called _____ tectonic plates __________. These tectonic plates are moved and deformed by tectonic forces. The _ mantle __________ is the thick molten layer of Earth’s Interior just below the Crust. Tectonic forces occur in the Mantle as heat energy is transferred through the molten magma of the Mantle, this process is called_____ mantle convection __________. Mantle

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convection moves the thin, cold, rigid tectonic plates of the Crust above. The “borders'' between these large crustal pieces are called ______ plate boundaries __________________. Plate boundaries fall into three distinct types. These types include_____ convergent _ _____________, _______ divergent ________, and ____ Transform ____________ plate boundaries. Convergent plate boundaries _________ come together ____________, divergent plate boundaries______ move apart _____________, and transform plate boundaries move_______ side to side___ _________. The interactions that occur at plate boundaries (convergent, divergent, transform) produce ____ seismic __________ activity (earthquakes, tsunamis) and _____ Volcanic ___________ activity. Label the images below with the appropriate terms from the word bank provided. Word Bank: Convergent: Oceanic-oceanic, Convergent: oceanic-continental, Convergent: continental-continental, Divergent, Transform _______________ Divergent _________________ _________ Transform _______________________

__________ Oceanic-oceanic plate convergence ______________________ ______ Convergent: Oceanic continental __________________________ _______ Convergent:Continental- Continental _________________________ Match the three types of plate boundaries with their appropriate characteristics. Convergent- C A. plates are grinding past one another laterally, move side to side; associated with transform/strike slip faults,

neither constructing or deconstructing crust - Divergent- B B. plates are moving apart releasing new molten magma to the surface; associated with ridges and volcanism, constructing crust Transform - A C. plates come together, crash into one another; associated with mountain building, volcanism, subduction, deconstructing crust Complete the following table by providing the appropriate information. Plate Boundary Type Plate Boundary Relationships Common Effects of Plate Boundary Example of Specific Feature on Earth Convergen t Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence Large volcanoes (volcanism) Volcanic Island, mountain ranges, seismic actives. Himalayan mountains Continental- Continental Convergence Cascade mountains Continental-Oceanic Convergence Andes Mountains Divergent Plates are drifting moving apart releasing molten rock, constructing rock Sea floor spreading ocean floor ridges ocean floor mountain ranges, volcanic activity’s construct or destruct crust. Mid- ocean ridge (ocean) east Africans rift valley. Transform Plates are grinding moves side to side neither continental rift zones , seismic activity. Intense seismic activity (earth quakes) thin linear valleys split river beds San Andrea’s fault

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What modern modes of scientific evidence do we study to support Plate Tectonics? What does Earth’s magnetism have to do with Plate Tectonics? Rocks on the seafloor record ancient reversals of the earths magnetic field. The image below illustrates the region of the world that is most tectonically active with the most hazard events-including earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. What is this region nicknamed? - Pacific ring of fire How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics connect to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes? Plates tectonics give life to seismic activity and volcanism as the relationship between major plates create movement on the earth’s crust.

Why is the study and understanding of Plate Tectonics essential to human populations on Earth? Tectonics processes cause the movement of land and earthquakes.

assignment 4

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