PG_7103_L02_PlateTectonics
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Pace University *
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101
Subject
Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by MasterArtJellyfish35
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS
1.
At what types of boundary do mid-ocean ridges occur? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Convergent boundary
b.
Divergent boundary
c.
Transform boundary
2.
True or False? Compressional forces cause normal faulting.
3.
When the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block it is called a ___.
a.
Normal Fault
b.
Reverse Fault
c.
Strike-Slip Fault
4.
When the footwall block moves up relative to the hanging wall block it is called a ___.
a.
Normal Fault
b.
Reverse Fault
c.
Strike-Slip Fault
5.
What method do scientists use to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
©2016, eScience Labs
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
EXERCISE 1 DATA SHEET
Table 1. Earthquake Triangulation via Three Seismograph Stations
HKPS
INCN
MAJO
Latitude (DD)
22.28
37.48
36.55
Longitude (DD)
114.14
126.62
138.20
P-wave Arrival Time
(UTC)
03:31:45
03:28:40
03:27:10
S-wave Arrival Time
(UTC)
03:37:00
03:31:09
03:28:20
S-P Time Difference
(UTC)
05:15 mins 02:30 mins
01:10 min
Distance From
Epicenter (km)
3000 km
1600 km
700 km
©2016, eScience Labs
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
EXERCISE 1 POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1.
What is the latitude and longitude of your epicenter?
Latitude: 35.463 N
Longitude: 136.26 N
2.
Based on your results, would it be more or less beneficial to use more than three seismograph stations?
Based on my results, it would be more beneficial to use more than three seismograph stations because more data can provide more accurate data to determine an accurate epicenter by comparison of triangulation.
3.
Download and run the Earth’s Tectonic Plates.kmz
file in Google Earth
™. Is the epicenter near a plate boundary? Yes or no?
Yes
4.
What type of plate boundary is located near the epicenter?
a.
Convergent
b.
Divergent
c.
Transform
d.
The epicenter is not near a plate boundary
5.
Read the information about tsunamis and faults below, then complete the related activities:
Tsunamis are formed as a result of sudden displacement of a large volume of water by significant vertical motion on a fault at the bottom of a volume of water.
Label the different types faults and then hypothesize which are the most likely to generate tsunamis.
©2016, eScience Labs
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
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normal fault
reverse fault
strike-slip fault
Hypothesis:
A reverse fault is most likely to cause a tsunami as the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall, displacing a large amount of water in a vertical motion.
6.
Download and run the Hazards.kmz
file in Google Earth
™. Select “Tsunami Source Events,” “Tsunami Observations,” “Significant Earthquakes,” and “Significant Volcanic Eruptions.” Do you see any relationships among earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis?
Explain your reasoning.
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis occur due to shifts in tectonic plates, located on Earth’s lithosphere (crust and the upper mantle). Earthquakes and volcanoes both have the ability to trigger tsunamis through large displacements of water. Most volcanoes are located along the edges of tectonic plates and earthquakes beneath a volcano could cause the movement of magma. The eruption of the volcano also has the potential to cause an earthquake, impacting the surface of the earth’s crust and create change in tectonic movement through intense magma activity. ©2016, eScience Labs
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes