Thermal Structure and Temperature Profiles Lab Quiz

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 1/23 Quiz Submissions - Ch1 Lab - Thermal Structure and Maps Tracey Sherrill (username: TRASHERRILL) Attempt 1 Written: Jan 28, 2023 9:56 PM - Jan 28, 2023 11:52 PM Submission View PART 1 - EXPLORING A TEMPERATURE PROFILE Your lab has been submitted successfully . Incorrect answers are provided below. You have a total of two attempts to earn as many points as possible. To review this lab again in the future after the due date or to see your instructor's feedback, follow these steps: Course Activities >> Quizzes >> use the dropdown arrow next to the quiz, and select "Submissions". Note: View "Submission" will only allow you to view the lab, not make any changes. The accompanying diagram shows a simplified temperature profile of a portion of the atmosphere. Temperature profiles are usually obtained twice each day from radiosondes at numerous locations around the world. Click on the word "radiosondes" (it's a hyperlink) to learn what these devices are . Use this diagram to answer the following questions. Start by reading and knowing what the variables are.

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 2/23 Question 1 1 / 1 point

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 3/23 What is the temperature (solid red line) at the surface (pressure = 1000 millibars)? Question 2 1 / 1 point 20 C -20 C 0 C 40 C

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 4/23 What is the temperature at 600-mb pressure level? Question 3 1 / 1 point 10 C -10 C 0 C -20 C 20 C

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 5/23 What is the temperature at the 250-mb pressure level? Question 4 1 / 1 point The y-axis is pressure . Pressure is often used in place of height (altitude) on these types of graphs since the two are related. Knowing that, how does pressure change with -35 C -50 C 0 C 20 C

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 6/23 height? HINT: The Earth's surface is the bottom of the graph and think about your answers to the first three questions. Question 5 1 / 1 point Select the pressure ranges that exhibit temperature inversions . Select 2 correct answer(s) it decreases with altitude (lower pressure higher you go) it increases (higher pressure higher you go) it remains the same (pressure doesn't change with altitude -- it's all the same) I have no idea

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 7/23 Question 6 2 / 2 points This temperature profile is only a small portion of the larger thermal structure of the entire atmosphere. By paying close attention to the temperature measurement at the lowest pressure, which layer of the atmosphere is shown on the graph above? 1000 to 600 mb 580 to 520 mb 500 to 300 mb 300 to 200 mb 190 to 170 mb 150 to 100 mb

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 8/23 If you are not sure where to start, click on the hint. View question 6 feedback PART 2 MAPS Grids (READ!) thermosphere stratosphere troposphere mesosphere Introduction (READ ME!) A map is a graphic representation of an area on a flat surface. There are many different kinds of maps, each designed for a specific purpose. All maps, however, have certain characteristics in common and proper map interpretation requires a basic understanding of these common traits. Maps represent a reduced part of the real Earth. The amount of reduction is expressed by the map's scale . Maps must have some means of location, usually a grid or coordinate system . Map direction is generally indicated by reference points or lines -- for example, True North and/or Magnetic North. Location and direction can then be expressed by compass bearings such as north (N), northwest (NW), south-southeast (SSE), or northeast (NE). Physical and cultural features are depicted on maps by the use of symbols -- blue for water features, green for vegetation or elevation, and red or for cultural features or grid lines. Not all of the physical and cultural features can be placed on a given map, so there is the need for a great amount of generalization . The amount of generalization depends on the scale or resolution of the map. The content of the map varies according to the specific purpose for which the map was constructed. In the study of meteorology, the focus of the map content will be elements of weather (temperature, pressure, winds, and storms). A grid is a set of intersecting lines used for location, The geographic grid is perhaps the most widely used grid system on Earth. It is based on two natural points where the axis of rotation of the Earth intersects the surface -- the North Pole and the South Pole.

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=0… 9/23 Meridians, the north-south lines constructed from pole to pole, and parallels, the east- west lines constructed at right angles to the meridians, make up the Geographic Grid. Latitude and longitude are forms of angular measurement based on the grid system. Figures 1 and 2 below illustrate a set of parallels and meridians and describe several of their important traits. Reference lines (the zero degree or base lines) are the Equator (0 latitude) and the Prime Meridian (0 longitude). Latitude is the angular distance north or south of the Equator. The LSC-UP campus is 29 (degrees) NORTH of the equator. Note: Sometimes the words "North" and "South" are not provided. Instead, you may see just the number with or without a minus sign (-) in front of the numbers. If there is NO minus sign, then the location is in the Northern Hemisphere.

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 10/23 If a minus sign is present (i.e., -29.065), then the location is in the Southern Hemisphere. Longitude is the angular distance (in degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc) east or west of the Prime Meridian. The LSC-UP campus is 95 (degrees) WEST of the Prime Meridian. Note: Sometimes the East and West words are not provided. Instead, you may see just the number with or without a minus sign (-) in front of the numbers. If there is NO minus sign, then the location is the Eastern Hemisphere (to the right of, or EAST, of the Prime Meridian). If a minus sign is present (i.e., -140.065), then the location is in the Western Hemisphere (to the left, or WEST, of the P=rime Meridian). Any point on the globe can be represented by the intersection of a meridian and parallel (Figure 3). Latitude is always written first and then longitude. For example, LSC-UP campus is at 29 degrees N, 95 degrees W. On maps that display only a small area, it is generally necessary to subdivide a degree into smaller units -- there are 60 minutes (60') in every degree and 60 seconds (60") in every minute (Figure 4).

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 11/23 Certain parallels have special significance in meteorology. The Equator (0 N/S) is not only the reference line for latitude, but is the only parallel that is a great circle. The Tropic of Cancer (23.5N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5S) mark the poleward limits of the Sun's vertical rays during the course of a year. The Arctic and Antarctic Circles mark the limits of a polar area in each hemisphere. Within these polar regions, the Sun will at some period during the year be above the horizon continuously for 24 hours or more, and at the same time in the opposite hemisphere, it will remain below the horizon for 24 hours or more (Figure 5).

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 12/23 Scale and Direction (KEEP READING!) Map scale is usually expressed as verbal scale , fractional scale , or linear (bar) scale . Verbal scale equates a specific linear distance on the map with a certain ground distance. For example, a verbal scale of one inch to 25 miles means that one inch on the map is equivalent to 25 miles on the actual ground. If the linear distance between two points of interest on a map is measured with a ruler and found to be three inches, the actual ground distance would 3 x 25 = 75 miles. A linear or bar scale consists of a calibrated line or bar which represents ground distances. In Figure 6 below there is a primary scale from zero to three and an extension scale from zero to one -- divided into tenths. This allows for quick determination of distances to the nearest tenth of a mile on the map. To calculate distance, simply use a piece of scratch paper to make tic marks between two points on the map, then place the piece of scratch paper on the linear scale, reading full miles on the primary scale and tenths on the extension.

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 13/23 The fractional scale (or representative fraction - RF) is given as a ratio of a given unit of length on the map to the number of those same units on the ground. In expressing RF, it is not necessary to label inches, centimeters, or other specific units of length. The RF can be written in two ways: 1:1,000,000 ; or 1/1,000,000 . This means that one linear unit on the map represents one million of those same units on the Earth's surface. It is read "one to one million." The RF can be converted to a verbal scale by first adding inches to both numerator and denominator, then converting the denominator to miles. The latter is done by dividing the denominator by the number of inches in a mile -- 63,360. For example, if RF is 1:950,400 so one inch on the map represents 15 miles on Earth. If the verbal scale is given and the RF is desired, the it is simply a matter of changing the miles to inches, then dropping the inches. For example, if the verbal scale is 1" = 300 miles, then 300 miles times 63,360 inches/mile = 19,008,000 inches, so 1" = 19,008,000 inches or 1:19,008,000 RF. Angular distance and linear distances should not be confused . Angular distances (degrees, minutes, seconds) refer to portion of a circle. Linear distances (feet, miles, kilometers) are measured along line between two points and the scale is open ended (no limits). Angular distances on the Earth are calculated as the smallest angle between two points measured along a meridian or parallel. For example, the difference in latitude between Salem, Oregon (45N) and Belo Horizonte, Brazil (20S) is 65 . From Salem to Novosibirsk (55N in former Soviet Union) is 10 . The

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 14/23 Direction (READING IS ALMOST DONE!) difference in longitude between Rotterdam (5 E) and New Orleans (90 W) is 95 . The linear distance between two points along a given meridian can also be calculated readily. The Earth's circumference is roughly 24,900 miles . The length of one degree of latitude is therefore 24,9000/360 = about 69 miles. The linear distance between Miami Beach (26 N) and Guayaquil, Ecuador (2 S), which both lie along the same meridian, is 28 times 69 = approximately 1,932 miles. Distances are approximate because the length of one degree of latitude varies slightly because of the oblateness of the Earth's shape. Linear distance along a parallel is more difficult to calculate, because the parallels become progressively smaller in circumference progressing poleward from the Equator. Tables are available that give variations in the length of one degree of longitude with changing latitude. Direction on a map is generally given with reference to True (Geographic) North . True north is represented on a map by any meridian leading to the North Pole. Two directional systems are widely used in the United States, both based on the Geographic Grid. One is called the azimuth system (0-360 ) and the other is often called the Mariner's Compass (Figure 7).

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 15/23 NOW APPLY WHAT YOU LEARNED Question 7 1 / 1 point Which hemisphere is North American continent in? Using the image below or the internet (Google Earth) to answer the following questions. For a larger version, click here, or copy and paste the link below in a separate browsing window: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.html

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 16/23 Question 8 1 / 1 point Which hemisphere is Australia in? Question 9 0 / 1 point Larger version: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.html Name the five oceans. Northern Southern Eastern I don't know Northern Western Eastern I don't know Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 17/23 This question has not been graded. Question 10 1 / 1 point Larger version: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.htmll Select three countries from the list below that pass through the Tropic of Cancer . Question 11 1 / 1 point Antarctica Africa North America India South America Australia

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 18/23 Larger version: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.html Select three continents from the list below that are within the Arctic Circle . Question 12 1 / 1 point Africa Asia North America Antarctica Europe South America

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 19/23 Larger version: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.html Select three continents from the list below that pass through the Prime Meridian. Question 13 1 / 1 point Larger version: https://www.mapsofindia.com/world-map/large-physical.html Match the coordinates with correct locations of the following countries. Pay close attention to the N, S, E, W in the coordinates! __ 1__ __ 4__ __ 2__ __ 3__ __ 5__ 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Question 14 1 / 1 point Between what latitudes are the worlds largest deserts located? India Australia Africa Antarctica North America Europe Madagascar Japan Mexico Afghanistan Greenland 18.7669° S, 46.8691° E 23.6345° N, 102.5528° W 33.9391° N, 67.7100° E 36.2048° N, 138.2529° E 71.7069° N, 42.6043° W

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 20/23 You may use the internet to find this answer. Refer to Figure 8 in answering the remaining questions. Question 15 1 / 1 point What is the map's verbal scale (calculate it)? 1" to ________ miles At 45° north of the equator At the poles Along the equator Between 15° and 30° north or south of the equator

1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 21/23 Question 16 0 / 1 point The map's fractional scale is 1:4,435,200. What does this mean? Select the correct statement below. Question 17 1 / 1 point What is the linear distance between The Fox and Phytohead? Question 18 1 / 1 point What is the angular distance (nearest degree) from The Fox and to Phytohead? Question 19 1 / 1 point What is the angular distance (nearest degree) from The Fox to the North Pole? ~200 ~80 2 ~252 1 inch on the map is equal to 4,435,200 miles on the ground 1 latitude is equal to 4,435,200 latitudes on Earth 1 meter on the map is 4,435,200 meters on the ground. ~200 miles ~90 miles ~276 miles ~ 534 miles 3 degrees 4 degrees 9 degrees I don't know

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 22/23 Question 20 1 / 1 point Which mariner's compass direction is Endoplasm Beach relative to the Nuclear Plant? Question 21 1 / 1 point 10 degrees 45 degrees 90 degrees North Northeast Southwest South

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1/28/23, 11:55 PM Quizzes - GEOL-1447 6001 1 Meteorology - LSCS https://d2l.lonestar.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d2l?ou=1296858&isprv=&drc=0&qi=2737109&cfql=0&dnb=0&fromQB=… 23/23 Ectoplasm Point is the eastern and southern hemispheres. True False Question 22 0 / 1 point The Nuclear Plant lies along the same parallel as the Royal Astronomical Observatory in Greenwich England. True False Question 23 1 / 1 point The Fox and Phytohead reside at the same latitude. True False Question 24 1 / 1 point The latitude of Endoplasm Beach is 00 70' 00"S. True False Attempt Score: 22 / 25 - 88 % Overall Grade (highest attempt): 22 / 25 - 88 % Done

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Chapter 1 Lab Quiz

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