Lab - Rocks and Minerals (Printer Verison)
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Pikes Peak Community College *
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Course
101
Subject
Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
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Uploaded by CoachThunder13882
Lab: Introduction to Minerals and Rocks
Answer Sheet
Part A. Introduction to Minerals
1.
Select either tantalite, cassiterite, or wolframite and explain how this mineral meets the four criteria of a mineral. Also indicate if the mineral is a silicate or non-silicate mineral.
Basic Mineral Properties
2.
Using the photographed specimen below (Figure 12.1), answer the following questions:
a.
What is the general color of the specimen?
b.
What is the general shape (square, triangle, etc.) of the specimen?
c.
Is the specimen shiny like glass, reflective like metal, or greasy like a candle?
d.
If the specimen were dropped, do you think it would shatter or break into a geometric design?
Search the Internet or use the QR codes/website links shown below to research mineral colors.
3.
Identify four different variations or types of quartz
, as well as their general color.
1.
Variation 1 (name and color):
2.
Variation 2 (name and color):
3.
Variation 3 (name and color):
4.
Variation 4 (name and color):
4.
Identify four different minerals that can be green
.
1.
Mineral 1:
2.
Mineral 2:
3.
Mineral 3:
4.
Mineral 4:
5.
Identify four different minerals that can be blue
.
1.
Mineral 1:
2.
Mineral 2:
3.
Mineral 3:
4.
Mineral 4:
6.
Explain why although the most obvious tool for mineral identification is the color, it is not the most accurate or definitive tool. Your response should be one to two sentences in length.
7.
Observe the streak provided below (Figure 12.2). The photograph shows that the streak color is similar although the specimen colors are not. These two samples are the same mineral, which is why the streak plate color is the same, so why do you think the samples
look different? Tip: read the Think About It
box.
Use the luster flow chart (Figure 12.3) to answer the following questions about the two specimens pictured in Figure 12.4.
8.
Sample A (Figure 12.4, left photograph):
1.
What is the luster?
2.
What is the color?
9.
Sample B (Figure 12.4, right photograph):
1.
What is the luster?
2.
What is the color?
Figure 12.3: Metallic and Non-Metallic Luster Flow Chart.
Now that you understand mineral cleavage and fracture, answer the following questions about the two samples shown in Figure 12.7.
10. Sample A (Figure 12.7, left shape):
1.
If you had to describe this sample as a shape, what shape would it be?
2.
How many sides does this sample have?
3.
How many planes or directions of cleavage does this sample have?
11. Sample B (Figure 12.7, right shape):
1.
If you had to describe this sample as a shape, what shape would it be?
2.
How many sides does this sample have?
3.
How many planes or directions of cleavage does this sample have?
Figure 12.7: Image of Two Shapes Exhibiting Cleavage.
Part B. Mineral Identification
Mineral Identification Activity (Digital Version)
Your instructor will indicate which playlist (set 1, 2, or 3) you should use for this activity. Each playlist begins with the Guided Practice
video on mineral identification followed by six mineral specimens. Click on the correct QR code or link to access the playlist. Be sure to read the mineral properties shown in the video details and use Table 12.1 to identify each specimen. Write your answers in question 12 below. Note: the mineral specimen videos provided in the playlists do not have audio.
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Playlist 1:
Playlist 2:
Playlist 3:
Mineral Identification Activity: Your Answers
12. Identify the minerals.
1.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
2.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
3.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
4.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
5.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
6.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the mineral: _______________________
Part C. Rocks and Their Properties
13. Refer to Figure 12.8.
1.
What types of rock form from the cooling of magma?
2.
What are the four processes that create sediments?
3.
What rock is formed when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented?
4.
What three arrows are pointing to the metamorphic rock box? Hint: these are the three rock types that can be transformed into a metamorphic rock through burial, heat, and pressure.
Sedimentary Rocks
14. Refer to Table 12.1. What is the hardness of quartz? Do you think its hardness is one reason why quartz is more resistant to weathering than other common minerals? Explain your response in at least one sentence.
15. Is the sedimentary rock sample shown in Figure 12.9 clastic or chemical. How do you know?
Metamorphic Rocks
16. Does the metamorphic sample below (Figure 12.10) exhibit foliation or is it non-foliated?
How do you know?
Part D. Rock Identification
Rock Dichotomous Key
You can use the following steps to identify a rock sample.
Step 1: Can you see separate mineral crystals in the rock that are randomly intergrown?
If yes, go to step 2.
If no, go to step 7.
Step 2: Is the rock made up of just one kind of mineral?
If yes, go to step 3.
If no, go to step 4.
Step 3: If the rock has crystals of the same mineral, it is probably a metamorphic rock.
Step 4: Are the minerals in a banded or striped pattern?
If yes, go to step 5.
If no, go to step 6.
Step 5. A rock that has a banded pattern is probably a metamorphic rock.
Step 6: A rock with minerals in a mixed pattern is probably an igneous rock.
Step 7: Is the rock full of small air pockets?
If yes, go to step 8.
If no, go to step 9.
Step 8: A rock with small air pockets is probably an igneous rock.
Step 9: Does the rock look like a piece of dark, broken glass?
If yes, go to step 10.
If no, go to step 11.
Step 10: A dark, glassy-looking rock is probably an igneous rock.
Step 11: Is the rock made up of flat plates or sheets?
If yes, go to step 12.
If no, go to step 13.
Step 12: A rock that splits easily into sheets is probably a metamorphic rock.
Step 13: Does the rock have particles in it, like sand, mud, or gravel?
If yes, go to step 14.
If no, go to step 15.
Step 14: A rock that is made of sediment (clay, sand, or pebbles) or fossils is a sedimentary rock.
Step 15: You have a hard rock to identify; try again, and study the rock more carefully before answering each question.
Rock Identification Activity (Digital Version)
Your instructor will indicate which playlist (set 1, 2, or 3) you should use for this activity. Click on the correct QR code or link to access the playlist. Use the dichotomous key shown above and the abbreviated lists of common igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks (Tables 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4). Write your answers in question 17 below. Note: the videos provided in the playlist do not have audio.
Playlist 1:
Playlist 2: Playlist 3:
Rock Identification Activity: Your Answers
17. Identify the rocks.
a.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
b.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
c.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
d.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
e.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
f.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
g.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
h.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
i.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
j.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
k.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
l.
Sample __________ (number or letter) is the rock: _______________________
Part E. Wrap-Up
Consult with your geography lab instructor to find out which of the following wrap-up questions you should complete. Attach additional pages to answer the questions as needed.
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18. Create an advertisement to educate your peers on the important information that you learned in this lab. Include at least three key terms in your advertisement. The advertisement should be about half a page in size (about 4 inches by 6 inches).