Assignment 5_Mountian Building
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School
Utah Valley University *
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Course
1010
Subject
Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by MinisterJellyfish19486
Name: Geology 1010
Assignment 5
Mountain Building (Orogeny)
Instructions:
1)
Answer the eight
questions and six
drawings below about mountain building. 2)
Hints will be provided in green italicized
text.
3)
Take your time and have fun!
Goals:
1)
Understand the mechanisms that govern orogenic events.
2)
Identify Utah faults and folds.
3)
Sketch and label faults and folds. Background Information:
Orogeny is a process that can occur through many different methods. Ultimately, the main driving force behind orogenic events is plate tectonics. Without it, the world would be a nearly perfect sphere with no mountains or valleys. Much of what finer details is governed by the behavior of rocks as they break or deform under stress. Stress, technically speaking, is a force applied over a given area. Pressure and stress are actually the same thing. Your hand pressing down on the table is exerting stress (or pressure) on the table (and the table pushes back and deforms your hand!) The change in shape of an object under stress experiences is called strain.
Questions:
Part 1: Short Answer Questions
1)
Name and describe three different methods of mountain building.
Volcanic – mountains from volcanoes
Fold – mountains from subduction zones like Appalachian Mountains
Block – tilted blocks of the fault
2)
Think about chewing gum. a)
What conditions would make it difficult to stretch or squish? Being cold or chewed for a while
b)
What makes it softer? Being warmer
c)
What causes it to break?
Being frozen
3)
Now think about rocks in relation to chewing gum.
a)
Obviously, rocks are harder, but under what conditions would they soften?
Lots of pressure, heat, and tension
b)
Why would they break?
Cooling
4)
Generalize what you have thought about in relation to the strength of rocks (or of any solid). What variables (conditions) control whether they are soft or hard or if they would break?
Well, I think the biggest factors that tell whether a rock in soft or hard is probably the temperature. When you think of solids, liquids and gasses, the biggest factor of which state the matter is in is temperature. So the more heat you put into a solid, the more flexible and liquid like they get.
Part 2: Fault and Fold Identification
Write down the name of the geologic structures under each picture:
5) Normal Fault
Continued on next page:
6) Strike Slip Fault
7) Syncline/Fold
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Continued on next page:
8) Basin
Part 3: Sketching Faults and Folds
It has been shown that sketching helps you improve cognitive development and understanding. Therefore, for this part, you are going to make very simple drawings of real structures. Sketch a 3-D view (block diagrams) of every geologic structure listed below. In each drawing, show fat arrows indicating the direction of stress that created the structure you are drawing and write the name of the stress in the box. In each drawing with inclined beds draw strike-and-dip diagrams to show the direction of the inclined beds. Start off with drawing a block and then draw the layers and how the block would look like from the map view (top and 2-sides). List of structures to sketch: 1) normal fault 4) anticline
2) reverse fault 5) syncline 3) right-lateral strike-slip fault 6) structural basin You need to label each of your drawings with the name of the type of geologic structure for your own reference. I am including some examples of a couple of these sketches below. It may be easiest to draw the diagrams on paper and then upload a picture of your diagram.
Example (structural dome):
Example (left-lateral strike-slip fault):
Use last blank page for your sketches:
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