GEOL 1301 - Lab 02 - Minerals

GEOL 1301 Lab 02 Minerals In this lab, you are learning to identify a set of common minerals and to sort minerals into their correct groups. Your lab instructor will review some of the common minerals and the techniques used to identify them, based on physical properties. Please complete the two worksheets (“Examining and Classifying Minerals” and “Mineral Groups”), then upload your completed lab on Canvas. Mohs’ Hardness Scale: Hardness of some common objects:  Fingernail 2-2.5  Copper penny 3-3.5  Steel nail 4.5  Glass plate 5.5  Porcelain plate 6.5 Crystal Habit and Form: See https://geology.com/minerals/crystal-habit/ Mineral Names and Properties: See http://geology.com/minerals/

Examining and Classifying Minerals Use the following link to identify the mineral samples listed in the table: http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Minerals/index.htm Sample Number Luster Hardness Cleavage/ Fracture Streak Other Properties (e.g. Color, Crystal Form, Reaction to Acid) Mineral Name 1 Non- metallic 2 1 irregular fracture white White color, form not present, not reactive or magnetic Gypsum 3 Metallic 6 0 cleavage, 1 irregular fracture Dark Gray Gold color, pyritohedron form, non- reactive, weakly magnetic Pyrite 4 Non- Metallic 7 0 Cleavage, 1 Conchoidal fracture white Clear color, hexagonal form, Not magnetic or reactive Quartz 6 Non- Metallic 6 2 cleavage, 1 irregular fracture white Red/brown color, form not present, Not reactive or magnetic Plagioclase 9 Non- Metallic 6 2 Cleavage, 1 irregular fracture white Pink color, form not present, not reactive or magnetic Orthoclase 10 Non- Metallic 2 3 cleavage, 1 conchoidal fracture white Clear color, cubic form, strong salty taste, not magnetic or reactive Halite 11 Non- Metallic 2 1 cleavage, 1 irregular fracture white Clear color, form not present, not reactive or magnetic Muscovite 13 Non- Metallic 4 0 cleavage, 1 irregular Reddish brown Red/brown color, form not present, not magnetic or reactive Hematite

Mineral Groups Silicates: contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) Carbonates: metals plus CO 3 Sulfates: metals plus SO 4 Sulfides: metals plus S Oxides: metals plus O Hydroxides: metals plus OH Phosphates: metals plus PO 4 Halides: metals plus F, Cl, Br, or I Native Elements: one element only List the group of the following minerals: Mineral Name Formula Group Anhydrite CaSO 4 Sulfate Apatite Ca 5 F(PO 4 ) 3 Phosphate Barite BaSO 4 Sulfate Beryl Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Silicate Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2 Sulfide Chromite FeCr 2 O 4 Oxide Copper Cu Native Element Corundum Al 2 O 3 Oxide Fluorite CaF 2 Halide Galena PbS Sulfide Goethite FeO(OH) Halide Halite NaCl Halide Magnetite Fe 3 O 4 Oxide Olivine (Fe,Mg) 2 SiO 4 Silicate Plagioclase NaAlSi 3 O 8 to CaAlSi 2 O 8 Silicate Pyrrhotite FeS Sulfide Rutile TiO 2 Oxide Sphalerite ZnS Sulfide Sulfur S Native Element Sylvite KCl Halide