LAB9DATINGWORKSHEET
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Volunteer State Community College *
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Course
1030
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
7
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Date:
IOEVIQJ
Name:
LAB
9:
DATING
WORKSHEET
GEOLOGY
1031
Two
ways
to
describe
age:
2.
Stratigraphic
principles
result
in
an
3.
Aboundary
surface
between
two
units
produced
by
¥rosion
or
non-deposition
is
called
an
ANCRATam
\h,a
4.
Unstable
isotopes
decay
at
a
regular
and
predictable
rate
called
the
MMCO%
5.
Tocalculate
the
age
of
a
rock
using
radiometric
dating,
you
must
know
the
M_\_\SQ_
of
the
dating
pair
being
used
and
the
m}_{gm
of
the
parent
isotope
remaining
in
the
rock.
B
6.
In
Cross
Section
1,
which
of
the
following
rock
layers
is
the
oldest?
a)
A
g=+C
=
ey
7.
Which
geologic
law
or
principle
did
you
use
to
come
to
the
conclusion
you
made
in
the
previous
question?
The
law
of
superposition
b)
The
principle
of
cross-cutting
relationships
)
The
principle
of
original
horizontality
d)
The
principle
of
unconformities
Legend
D
igneous
intrusion
D
sedimentary
rock
D
metamorphic
rock
~
unconformity
8.
|
Section
2,
which
geologic
structure
is
the
youngest?
g
€
9.
Which
geologic
law
or
principle
did
you
use
to
come
to
the
conclusion
you
made
in
the
previous
question?
ThéTaw
of
superposition
b)
e
principle
of
cross-cutting
relationships
¢)
The
principle
of
original
horizontality
d)
_
The
principle
of
unconformities
@
andd
10.
EXamine
unconformities
1
and
2
in
Cross
Section
2.
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
them
is
true?
a)
The
older
unconformity
is
a
nonconformity,
while
the
younger
is
an
angular
unconformity.
The
older
unconformity
is
a
disconformity,
while
the
younger
is
a
nonconformity.
The
older
unconformity
is
a
nonconformity,
while
the
younger
is
a
duoonformutv
)
The
older
unconformity
is
an
angular
uncanformity,
while
the
younge
11.
Examine
the
unconformity
shown
in
Cross
Section
3.
What
type
of
unconformity
is
this?
Angular
unconformity
Nonconformity
¢)
Disconformity
\
<
AR
12.
Examine
Cross
Section
4.
Assume
that
all
layers
in
this
block
diagram
are
composed
of
sedimentary
rock
and
the
unconformities
are
colored
in
red.
Using
the
geologic
laws
and
principles
of
stratigraphy,
identify
the
geologic
events
that
occurred
in
this
area.
Number
the
sedimentary
layers
in
order
of
deposition
on
the
cross
section
from
oldest
(1)
to
youngest
(13).
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13.
Each
of
the
events
in
the
list
below
is
an
event
evident
in
Cross
Section
4.
Place
the
geologic
events
(a-h)
in
the
correct
relative
time
sequence
in
the
table
below,
in
order
from
oldest
(1)
to
youngest
(8).
Put
one
letter
in
each
numbered
blank
in
order
from
oldest
on
the
left
to
youngest
on the
right.
W
Tilting
|
Uplift
and
erosion
(angular
unconformity).
\Q
Submergence
and
deposition
of
sedimentary
layers
10-13.
\i)\
Uplift
and
erosion
to
current
position.
B
Submergence
and
deposition
of
sedimentary
layers
7-9.
Uplift
and
erosion
(disconformity)
\fl
ubmergence
and
deposition
of
sedimentary
layers
1-6.
Fault.
Event
order:
C
A
h
C.
_\{\
deGumobi
1
2
7
Youngest
Oldest
rock
14.
Examine
Cross
Section
5.
Assume
all
the
layers
in
this
block
diagram
are
composed
of
sedime'nl‘lfYo'
except
for
unit
“C”,
and
the
unconformity
is
colored
in
red.
Using
the
geologic
laws
and
principles
stratigraphy,
|dentify
and
list
the
geologic
events
that
occurred
in
this
area.
15.
Using
the
key
below,
label
the
units
and
unconformity
in
Cross
Section
5
in
order
from
S
g
oldest
(1)
to
youngest
Oldest
SmEgrn
Amount
of
Number
of
|
Paremt
Hall-lives
|
1sotope
KvuumE
0
UL
1
50%
Amount
(%)
of
Parent
Isotope
Remaining
Number
of
Hall=lives
of
16.
Complete
the
column
at left
above
by
calculating
the
amount
of
parent
isotope
remaining
for
each
number
elapsed
half-lives.
The
first
two
(0
and
1
half-lives)
are
completed
to
get
you
started.
17.
Plot
each
of
your
8
data
pairs
as
points
on
the
graph
at
right
above.
Connect
the
data
points
on
the
graph
by
drawing
in
the
decay
curve.
Use
the
completed
chart
and
graph
to
answer
the
questions
below.
18.
How
much
of
the
parent
isotope
would
be
remaining
after
7
half-lives
have
passed?
a)
625%
b)
6.%
&
30.39
%
19.
If
a
radioactive
element
has
a
half-life
of
425
years,
how
old
would
a
rock
be
that
only
had
3.125
%
of
the
rent
isotope
remaining?
@
2125
years
1700
years
c)
2550years
d)
3400
years
20.
Based
on
your
graph
above,
approximately
how
much
of
the
pare
lives?
a)
16%
b)
12%
o
|
nt
isotope
would
be
remaining
after
3.5
half-
X
35
%
of
the
parent
21.
Based
on
your
graph
above,
approximately
how
many
half-lives
s
v
o
Isotope
is
remaining?
22.
An
Archeologist
finds
some
cotton
cloth
st
a
burial
site
and
wants
to
determine
the
age
of
the
remains.
Which
isotopic
dating
method
should
they use?
Carbon-14
Uranium-Lead
)
Potasslum-Argon
23.
The
Archeologist
d‘etefmlnes
there
is
16.7
%
of
the
parent
isotope
remaining
in
the
cloth
sample.
How
old
Is
the
burial
site?
The
half-life
of
carbon-14
is
5730
years.
a)
13,559
years
COT_T¥.
798
yeams
d)_
1.66
billion
years
.81
billion
years
2.05
billion
years
24.
A
geologist
is
trying
to
date
a
sequence
of
sedimentary
rocks
with
abundant
fossils.
The
sedlnTenury»l‘OC:‘:
are
mostly
sandstone.
Within
the
rock
sequence
there
is
a
distinctive
clay
layer
that
under
closer
inspection
e
fine-grained
volcanic
ash.
Which
of
the
following
Is
the
best
way
to
obtain
an
absolute
date
for
the
sequen:
of
rocks?
a)
Carbon
date
the
fossils
b)
Potassium-Argon
date
the
sands
Uranium-lead
date
the
zircons
in
the ash
d)
Identify
the
index
fossils
25.
The
geolo:;t
determines
there
is
78.3
%
of
the
parent
isotope
remaining
in
the
sample
that
they
exa(;‘ne"‘&
How
old
is
the
sequence
of
rocks?
Hint:
your
answer
to
this
question
will
depend
on
your
answer
to
previous
question!
22
years
247.8
million
years
c)
390.7
million
years
d)
2.504
billion
years
In
the
middle
of
the
17"
century,
an
Irish
Bishop
named
James
Ussher
made
the
first
attempt
to
define
the
age
of
the
Earth.
Based
on
calculations
taken
from
the
Bible,
he
estimated
the
age
of
the
Earth
at
about
6000
years.
About
two
decades
later,
an
anatomist
and
natural
scientist
named
Nicolas
Steno
identified
the
laws
of
stratigraphy
including
superposition,
original
horizontality,
and
cross-cutting
relationships
while
studying
i
sedimentary
outcrops
in
Italy.
About
250
years
later,
In
the
late
18™
century,
a
Scottish
farmer
and
natural
scientist
named
James
Hutton
applied
stratigraphy
and
other
logical
arguments
to
deduce
that
Earth
has
been
sculped
by
SN
SR
Ry
.
SN
T
L
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continuous
change
(Un"ovmlnnani;m)
a
process
that
would
take
at
least
milllons
of
years.
This
much
longer
frame
of
reference
for
Earth
time
is
the
concept
we
call
“Geologic
Time”
o
sometimes
“Deep
Time.”
The
dlicovery
of
deep
time
is
often
considered
one
of
the
most
important
contributions
of
science
to
human
culture.
Applications
of
the
deep
time
concept
have
led
to
many
scientific
advancements
and
has
altered
the
way
We
perceive
our
environment
and
ourselves.
An
example
is
evolutionary
science.
The
process
of
evolution
by
natural
selection
requires
long
periods
of
time,
and
it
is
unlikely
the
Charles
Darwin
would
have
proposed
his
theory
if
he
had
not
understood
the
concept
of
deep
time
prior
to
his
research.
Another
example
is
resource
conservation.
If
we
consider
future
generations,
then
we
must
conserve
Earth’s
resources
for
that
future
time.
26.
In
the
space
provided
below,
please
describe
one
way
you
think
the
concept
of
deep
time
has
altered
one
of
these
four
subjects
of
human
thought
and
behavior:
Economics,
Politics,
Science
or
Culture.
Only
choose
one
subject
area
and
be
sure
to
address
how
deep
time
has
an
impact
on
that
subject.
Veep
Yo
\vr
ondPe
o
S
YN
—
R0
oovns
Wic
by
otien
oF
-
Oy
3
Lo
10
wooNg
OO
VS
\ax
-
\We
Oowcp®
Oen
¢
YOI
RENNG,
2o
_
J
=
o
alechnc
Bus
e\
Yy
SwinS
o
v
o
b
aopc
Q\
Uhr
1
This
exercise
wa.
dapredMline
B,
Harri{
B
&
Tefend
K.
(2015)
“Laboratory
Manual
for
Introductory
s
Geology”.
First
Edition.
Chapter
1
“Relative
and
Absolute
Dating”
by
Bradley
Deline,
CC
BY-SA
4.0.
View
50U