Lab-4

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Clovis Commuity College *

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Geology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Geology Name:_______________________ Layered Planetary Interiors Lab Report Please record your responses in a color other than black or red . Part 1: Theoretical model 1. Calculate how long it should take for the quake to reach each station, based on the travel distance (gray line on the above figure) and the travel speed of P- waves through solid rock, which is known to be 11 km/s. Using this information, fill in the last two columns on your spreadsheet as follows: a. To get the values in the column marked "Travel time (sec)", divide the "Distance traveled (km)" by the travel speed of P-waves through solid rock in km/s. b. For the column marked "Travel time (min)", just divide "Travel time (sec)" by 60 seconds/minute. 2. Once you have filled in the "Travel time (min)" column on your spreadsheet, the data points will appear on the graph. Copy and paste the graph on your lab report. 3. Copy the values from columns D and E on your spreadsheet into columns 4 and 5 on the table found on your lab report. Part 2: Seismic data 1. Once you have filled in column C "Travel time (min)" of your spreadsheet , the data points will appear on the graph. Copy and paste the graph on your lab report.

Geology Name:_______________________ Layered Planetary Interiors Lab Report 2. Copy the values from columns B and C on your spreadsheet into the table in Part 2 of your lab report. Part 3: Comparison and model refinement 1. The two curves should mostly line up except in one particular range of angles. What is the range of geocentric angles in which the modeled and observed P-wave arrival times are noticeably different? From around 50-100 degrees. 2. Do the P-waves after this point arrive early or late? Early. 3. What property of the interior of the Earth at this angle might cause the P-waves to slow down or speed up like that? Rocks deep within the Earth. 4. Based on this observation, what adjustments would you make to your initial model of a uniform, homogeneous structure for the Earth? What does your revised model look like,

Geology Name:_______________________ Layered Planetary Interiors Lab Report and why? Please include a drawing of what you think is inside the Earth and how big it is, based on your investigations in this lab so far. Part 4: Interiors of other planets 1. The S wave shadow zones on planets A and B are shown. Using the same method used for Earth (on the left), sketch in the outlines of the cores for these two other planets. 2. Of these three planet diagrams labeled "Earth", "Planet A", and "Planet B" (you will use all three), pick one to correspond to each of the following planets. 1. Which most resembles Mercury ? Explain your reasoning, and link to the resource you used. Planet A Because its shadow zone is way bigger than earths due to its lack of a large core and inner rock. https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/seismic_shadow_zones_s_wave_shado w_zone 2. Which most resembles Venus ? Explain your reasoning, and link to the resource you used. I would say Planet B resembles Venus because it has a smaller Shadow Zone than Earths. https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/seismic_shadow_zones_s_wave_shado w_zone 3. Which most resembles Mars ? Explain your reasoning, and link to the resource you used.

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Geology Name:_______________________ Layered Planetary Interiors Lab Report Earth resembles Mars the most because it is the only planet that shares such similarities with Earth in our solar system. https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/seismic_shadow_zones_s_wave_shado w_zone 3. All three of these probably started with an active magnetic field due to the spinning liquid core. Which one of the three internal structure models is most likely to have lost its active magnetic field in the billions of years that have passed since its formation? Explain your reasoning. I would say Mars because it has cooled down and is smaller and has a weaker magnetic field than what we presume it used to be. 4. Read the article on your canvas page about the recent discovery of marsquakes. What does this news article about recent marsquakes tell us about the current state of the Martian mantle? That there is molten rock on Mars and it is beginning to move and convection is happening.

Lab-4

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