Lab 7_Chp7_ Metamorphic Rocks
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California State University, Los Angeles *
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Geology
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Dec 6, 2023
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Lab 7: Metamorphic Rocks Lab
1. The agents that may cause metamorphism include all except which of the following? a. Time b. Heat c. Pressure d. Stress 2. Which property of a protolith will not change during metamorphism? a. Grain size b. Grain shape c. Mineralogy d. Solid form
3. What kind of metamorphism would the intrusion of granite into layers of sedimentary rock cause? a. Regional metamorphism b. Contact metamorphism c. Burial metamorphism d. Dynamic metamorphism 4. What type of metamorphism would the collision of two continental plates cause?
a. Regional metamorphism b. Burial metamorphism c. Contact metamorphism d. Metasomatism 5. What type of metamorphism would the interaction of plates on opposite sides of a transform fault cause?
a. Regional metamorphism b. Contact metamorphism c. Burial metamorphism d. Dynamic metamorphism 6. What does the term metamorphic grade refer to? a. The amount of weathering and erosion a rock has experienced
b. The degree to which a metamorphic rock’s protolith has changed c. The orientation of minerals and grains in metamorphic rocks
7. What do index minerals tell us about a metamorphic rock? a. How many years ago metamorphism occurred b. How many years it took for metamorphism to complete c. Temperature and pressure conditions during metamorphism d. The age and maturity of the protolith
8. What does foliation describe about the minerals in a metamorphic rock? a. The size of the minerals
b. The age of the minerals
c. The chemical composition d. The orientation of minerals 9. What type of metamorphism exhibits both high temperature and high pressure?
a.
Contact metamorphism
b.
Dynamic metamorphism
c.
Regional metamorphism
d.
Metasomatism
10. Which of the following statements about metamorphism of a shale is false?
a.
with increasing metamorphism, the clay minerals breakdown to form micas
b.
with increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the minerals gets smaller
c.
with increasing metamorphism, foliation begins to develop
d.
with increasing metamorphism, the amount of water content decreases
11. Which of the following sets is arranged in order of increasing metamorphic grade?
a.
shale
slate
phyllite
b.
phyllite
gneiss
schist
c.
phyllite
slate
schist
d.
schist
shale
gneiss
12. During the Permian Period, sedimentary bedrock in the Appalachian Region was subjected to high temperature and pressure. What rock would have formed from calcite deposits that had existed in this environment?
a. schist
b. marble
c. gabbro
d. gneiss
Short answer questions:
1.
Define a ‘protolith’ in your own words
and give one example of a protolith and its associated metamorphic rock.
2.
What is the difference between a foliated rock and a non-foliated rock? (hint: focus on the physical characteristics that set them apart)
Foliated: parallel planes Non- foliated: Which of the following rock(s) have a foliated texture? Circle the foliated rock(s).
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Match the types of metamorphism to their definition: Contact metamorphism
Occurs when rocks are buried very deeply by overlying sediments BURIAL
Burial metamorphism
Caused by a large meteorite striking the surface of the Earth
Dynamic metamorphism
Occur in broad areas along convergent boundaries REGIONAL
Metasomatism
Occurs where rocks are subject to elevated temperatures without changes in pressure or stress CONTACT
Impact metamorphism
Caused by reactions with hydrothermal fluids
Regional metamorphism Caused by shear stress as blocks of rocks grind past each other in fault zones
B
C
D
E
F
Use your observations and the descriptions of metamorphic rocks to determine the name, parent rock, and mineral composition of these samples. Table 7.1
below and the descriptions on pages 181-186
in your book will help. Note that the rock names highlighted by a red box in Table 7.1 are the only options you have to choose from for this lab, along with the options in parentheses in the table below.
SAMPLE
FOLIATED?
(Yes or
No) OTHER TEXTURES (Aligned minerals,
Layered and aligned,
Aligned and deformed
grains, Interlocking
equant grains with no
preferred orientation)
GRAIN SIZE (Fine, Fine-to-
Medium, Medium-
to-Coarse, Coarse)
ROCK NAME (slate, phyllite, schist,
gneiss, marble, quartzite)
POSSIBLE PROTOLITH
(Shale, Slate, Granite, Phyllite,
Quartz sandstone, Limestone)
1 2 3 4
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