Lab_5_Topomap
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Physical Geology (GEOL -1403)
Lab-5: Topographic Map
Name:
Nataly Garza-Trujillo
Section: SV2
Date: 11.12.23
Laboratory 5 Reading Assignment: Topographic Maps and Orthoimages
Instructions: Complete the steps 1 to 11.
Step 1) Obtain your laboratory manual “Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology” and Read the
chapter “
Topographic Maps
”, Pages 231-252.
Step 2. Read and comprehend the contents, and terminology of the following figure: “Latitude and
longitude, coordinate system and quadrangles”, Page 233 - 234.
Step 3. Read and comprehend the details and terminology shown in the following figure
(Topographic map): “USGS Ritter Ridge, CA 7.5-minute Quadrangle Map, Pages 236-237”.
Step 4. Know the symbols and terminology shown in the following figure: “Symbols used on U. S.
Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps”, Page 238.
Step 5. Comprehend the details and contents of the following figure: “Topographic map
construction”, Page 244.
Step 6. Comprehend the details and concepts illustrated in the following figure (
Fig.9.11
): “Rules for
making and interpreting topographic contours”, Page 247.
Step 7. Comprehend the details and concepts illustrated in the following figure (
Fig. 9.12
): “Names
of landscape features observed on topographic maps”, Page 248.
Step 8. Comprehend the details and concepts illustrated in the following figure (
Fig. 9.14
): “Contour
Lines for Ridges and Valleys”, Page 249.
Step 9. Comprehend the details and concepts illustrated in the following figure (
Fig. 9.15
):
“Topographic Profile Construction and Vertical Exaggeration”, Page 251.
1
Laboratory Assignment
: Part-A:
Topographic Maps and Orthoimages
Materials:
Physical Geology Laboratory Manual, Pencil, One color Pencil, eraser.
Instructions:
Complete the Steps 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
1.
Go to the Activity 9.2 “Map Locations, Distances, Directions, and Symbols”, Page
255. Complete the following question
(2 points)
o
Question# A
Latitude: __40 degrees__ (North/
South/East/West) (Instructions: Fill the
blank with the a) value and b) Pick one of the choices)
Longitude: ___20 degrees___ (North/South/East/
West) (Instructions: Fill
the blank with the a) value and b) Pick one of the choices)
2.
Read the Map Scales section on Page 234 in your lab manual and comprehend the
information.
3.
Go to the Activity 9.2, Page 255 “Map Locations, Distances, Directions, and Symbols
”
Question #C1 and # C2
,
change the questions as instructed below, and answer them
.
Show your work. A grade of zero will be awarded if work is not shown.
Original Question
:
USGS 30 x 60 minute quadrangle maps have a scale of 1:100,000.
1.
One inch on such maps equals about how many miles? Show your work.
Answer
:
1.578 miles
1 × x = 100,000 × 10
x = 100,000 inches
100,000 inches / 63,360 inches per mile = 1.578 miles
2.
One cm on such maps equals about how many meters? Show your work.
Answer
:
1,000 meters
1 × x = 100,000 × 1
x = 100,000 centimeters
100,000 centimeters / 100 centimeters per meter = 1,000 meters
2
Now, Change the questions to the following and answer them:
Grade “0” will be
awarded, if no work is shown.
Rewritten Question statement:
USGS 30 x 60 minute quadrangle maps have a scale of
1:100,000.
1.
Rewritten Question #
C1: 10 inches on such maps equals about how many miles?
Show your work. (1 mile = 63360 inches).
(1 point)
Answer: 15.78 miles
1 × x = 100,000 × 10
x = 1,000,000 inches
1,000,000 inches / 63,360 inches per mile = 15.78 miles
2.
Rewritten Question #
C 2:
15 centimeters on such maps equals about how many
meters? Show your work. (1 meter = 100 centimeters).
(1 point)
Answer: 15,000 meters
1 × x = 100,000 × 15
x = 1,500,000 centimeters
1,500,000 centimeters / 100 centimeters per meter = 15,000 meters
4.
Step 4
: Go to the
Activity 9.2
, Page 255-256 “Map Locations, Distances, Directions,
and Symbols”,
Read the problem statements of '
F
' and '
G
', locate the required figures, and answer the
following questions:
(5 points)
o
Question# F1
Longitude: 118’15
Latitude: 34’37’30’
3
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o
Question# F4
The map was originally made in 1958, but it was photo revised
in 1974.
o
Question# G1
The left side of the map depicts shrubland.
o
Question# G2
The roads placed on the map are coupled highways with a
median strip, primary highway, secondary highway light-duty roads,
unimproved roads, and trails.
o
Question# G3
= mine shaft/ X – prospect / Y – mine tunnel entrance
5.
Step 5:
Scan your worksheets (or you can take .jpeg images of them), compile them into
a single .pdf document, and submit here as an attachment. A grade of zero will be
awarded if you submit individual .jpeg images.
Laboratory Assignment: Part-B
4
Topographic Maps and Orthoimages
Materials:
Physical Geology Laboratory Manual, Pencil, One color Pencil, eraser.
Instructions:
Complete the Steps 1, 2, 3, and 4.
-Step 1
: Read the “Interpreting Topographic Maps” on Pages 246 to 250, study the figure 9.11
(Page 247) , figure 9.12 (Page 248) , figure 9.13 and 9.14 (Page 249) in your lab manual, and
comprehend the information. Do not begin this assignment without completing this step. If you
have any questions about the contour lines, talk to the instructor.
-Step 2
.
a.
Define elevation. (Search the web for the definition)
(1 point)
Elevation refers to the height or vertical distance above a specific reference point, such as sea
level. It is a measure of how high or low a point on the Earth’s surface is. Lastly, it is often
expressed in units of feet or meters.
Step 3:
Go to the Activity 9.3, Page 257 “Topographic Map Construction”
Question #C
,
change the question as instructed below
, and answer it. If you answer the
Original Question in the lab manual, a grade of zero will be awarded.
o
Original Question: # C:
Using a contour interval of 10 feet, label the elevation of every contour line on the
map below. (Hint: Start at sea level and refer to Figures 9.12, 9.13, and 9.14).
o
Change the question to the following and answer: (2 points)
5
Using a contour interval of 20 feet, label the elevation of every contour line on the
map below. (Hint: Start at sea level and refer to Figures 9.12, 9.13 and 9.14)
o
Step 4:
Scan your worksheets (or you can take .jpeg images of them), compile
them into a single .pdf document, and submit here as an attachment. A grade of zero will be
awarded if you submit individual .jpeg image(s).
Laboratory Assignment: Part-C:
Topographic Maps and Orthoimages
Instructions:
Complete the Steps 1, 2, 3, and 4.
1.
Read/Study the following
read "Introduction" on Pages 232 to 234
study the figure 9.1A, 9.1B, and 9.1C, Page 233,
study "What are Topographic Maps", Page 244 to 250
6
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study "US Topo Maps and Orthoimages, Page 245-246
study "Relief and Gradient (Slope), pages 250
figure 9.12 (Page 248) in your lab manual
and comprehend the information.
2.
Answer the following in a few sentences:
(3 points)
What is a Topographic Map?
A Topographic Map is a detailed and accurate representation of the Earth’s surface,
showing the physical features like elevation, contours, rivers, forests, and more. It
uses contour lnes to depict changes in elevation and helps to visualize the shape and
characteristics of the land. Furthermore, they ar commonly used for outdoor activities
like hiking, camping, and panning routes.
What is a Stereogram?
A Stereogram is a type of optical illusion that creates a three-dimensional image from
a two-dimensional pattern. It works by presenting two slightly different images to
each eye, which then combine in the brain to create the illusion of depth. When you
focus your eyes in a specific way, such as crossing them or diverging them, the
hidden 3D image within the stereogram becomes visible.
What is an Orthoimage?
An Orthoimage, also known as an orthophoto, is an aerial or satellite image that has
been geometrically corrected to remove distortions caused by the Earth’s curvature
and topography. It is a true-scale, highly accurate image that can be used for mapping,
surveying, and other applications. They ae typically created by orthorectifying aerial
or satellite photographs, aligning them with a digital elevation model to correct for
terrain variations.
3.
Go to
the
Activity 9.4
“Topographic Map and Orthoimage Interpretation”
, Page 258
and
c
omplete the following questions.
(4 points)
Question# A4 (
4. Circle four spots on the map where streams (blue) begin. How
can you tell which direction is upstream based on the contours?)
By examining the contour patterns, we can determine the direction of the
upstream flow. When contours intersect a stream, they form V-shaped bends. The
closed end of these V-shaped contours consistently indicates the upstream
direction.
Question# A5 (
5. Notice that there is an SP Mountain and an SP Crater. How can
you tell which part is the crater? Color the crater red.)
7
You can distinguish the crater on the map from the SP mountain by examining the
contour pattern. The mountain section displays single circular contours, while the
crater exhibits circular contours with inward ticks on them.
4.
Scan your worksheets (or you can take .jpeg images of them), compile them into a
single .pdf document, and submit here as an attachment. A grade of zero will be awarded
if you submit individual .jpeg image(s).
8