annotated-Geologic%20Time%20Lab
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Date
Dec 6, 2023
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Lab Activity 8: Geologic Time
Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams
Use the figures below to answer the following questions
Figure 1:
Block diagram for questions 1 and 2 of Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams. Unconformity is
shown in brown. (CC-BY-SA 3.0,
Bradley Deline)
; modified by Chloe Branciforte)
1.
In Figure 1 which rock layer is the oldest?
2.
In Figure 1 which Geologic Principle(s) did you use to conclude which rock layer was the oldest?
Figure 2:
Block diagram for questions 3-8 of Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams. Unconformities are shown
in brown. (CC-BY-SA 3.0,
Bradley Deline
; modified by Chloe Branciforte)
3.
In Figure 2 which of the letters is the youngest?
4.
In Figure 2 which of the letters is the oldest?
5.
For Figure 2 which Geologic Principle(s) did you use to help determine which was older vs.
younger?
6.
In Figure 2 Examine Unconformity G. What type of unconformity is this?
7.
In Figure 2 How were you able to determine the unconformity at G?
8.
In Figure 2 Examine Unconformity B. What type of unconformity is this?
9.
In Figure 2 How were you able to determine the unconformity at B?
Figure 3:
Block diagram for question 10-11 of Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams. Unconformity is shown in
brown. (CC-BY-SA 3.0,
Bradley Deline
; modified by Chloe Branciforte)
10.
Examine Unconformity D in Figure 3. What type of unconformity is this?
11.
In Figure 3 How were you able to determine the unconformity at D?
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Figure 4:
Block diagram for question 12 of Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams. Unconformities are shown in
brown. (CC-BY-SA 3.0,
Bradley Deline
; modified by Chloe Branciforte)
12.
Examine Figure 4. All the layers in this block diagram are sedimentary rock and the
unconformities are the squiggly, brown lines. Consider the unordered, lettered geologic events
listed below. Place these events in the correct relative order.
Write your answer from left to
right, which will represent older to younger.
Use a comma between each letter for maximum
clarity. Example, A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H
A.
Tilting.
B.
Uplift and Erosion (Angular Unconformity).
C.
Submergence and deposition of sedimentary layers 10-13.
D.
Uplift and Erosion to current position.
E.
Submergence and Deposition of sedimentary layers 7-9.
F.
Uplift and Erosion (Disconformity)
G.
Submergence and deposition of sedimentary layers 1-6.
H.
Fault.
Figure 5:
Correlation diagram for question 13 of Activity 8A: Relative Dating and Geologic History Diagrams. (CC-BY 4.0, Chloe Branciforte,
own work)
13.
Examine
Figure 5
. Which Geologic Principle(s) could geologists use to correlate (match) rocks
from one locality to another?
Activity 8B: Relative Dating of Rocks
Use the image below and answer the questions
Figure 6:
Rainbow Basin Syncline near Barstow, California. Image used for question 1 of Activity 8B: Relative Dating of Rocks. (Public
Domain;
Mark Wilson, Department of Geology, The College of Wooster
)
1.
Examine
Figure 6
from Rainbow Basin, near Barstow, California. Notice the rocks are bent and
tilted into a
syncline
(fold). Discuss when the folding event likely happened.
Use the geologic
principles, relative dating terminology, and observations to support your thoughtful response.
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Figure 7:
Generalized stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon. All rocks are sedimentary. Unconformities are in yellow. Contacts between
layers are in white. Image used for question 2 of Activity 14B: Relative Dating of Rocks. (CC-BY 2.0,
James St. John
; modified by
Chloe Branciforte)
2.
Figure 7
is from a section of the Grand Canyon. Place the following geologic events in correct
order, from oldest to youngest. Support your answers using the Geologic Principles.
Write your
answer from left to right, which will represent older to younger.
Use a comma between each
letter for maximum clarity. Example, A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H
A.
Muav Limestone
B.
Sedimentary rocks of the Grand Canyon Supergroup
C.
Tilting event
D.
Unconformity Z
E.
Unconformity X
F.
Tapeats Sandstone
G.
Sedimentary rocks of the Supai Group
H.
Bright Angel Shale
Activity 8C: T-Charts, Decay Curves, and Half-Lives
See separate PDF on Canvas assignment page for this assignment.
Activity 8D: Applying Numeric Dating
1.
If a rock begins with 4000 atoms of a radioactive isotope, how many would remain
after one
half-life?
2.
If a rock begins with 4000 atoms of a radioactive isotope, how many would remain
after two
half-lives?
3.
If a rock begins with 4000 atoms of a radioactive isotope, how many would remain
after three
half-lives?
4.
If a rock begins with 4000 atoms of a radioactive isotope, how many would remain
after four
half-lives?
5.
If an isotope has a half-life of twenty million years, and there is 25% of the isotope remaining in
a rock,
how old is the rock?
A.
10 million years
B.
20 million years
C.
40 million years
D.
60 million years
6.
A scientist radiometrically dates 3 different rocks using 3 separate decay series. If each rock
contains 50% of their measured radioactive element and 50% of its corresponding daughter
element,
which rock is oldest?
Rock A
is dated using isotope A (half-life = 50 years)
Rock B
is dated using isotope B (half-life = 100 years),
Rock C
is dated using isotope C (half-life = 1000 years).
A.
Rock A
B.
Rock B
C.
Rock C
7.
An
Archeologist
finds some cotton cloth at a burial site and wants to determine the age of the
remains.
Which isotopic system should they use?
A.
Carbon-14
B.
Uranium
C.
Potassium-Argon
8.
The Archeologist determines that there is 16.7% of the parent isotope remaining in the cloth
sample.
How old is the burial site?
A.
13,559 years
B.
14,798 years
C.
16,743 years
D.
1.66 billion years
E.
1.81 billion years
F.
2.05 billion
9.
A geologist is trying to date a sequence of sedimentary rocks with abundant fossils and
sandstones. Within the sequence is a distinctive clay layer that, under closer inspection, turns
out to be fine-grained volcanic ash. Which of the following is the best way to obtain an
absolute
date
for the sequence of rocks?
A.
Carbon date the fossils
B.
Potassium-Argon date the sands
C.
Uranium date the Zircons in the ash
D.
Identify the index fossils
10.
The geologist determines there is 78.3% of the parent remaining in the sample that they
examine. How old is the sequence of rocks?
A.
187.5 million years
B.
247.8 million years
C.
390.7 million years
D.
2.504 billion years
E.
1.588 billion years
F.
1.202 billion years
Acknowledgements:
This lab was developed and created by a team of geologists
from the LA Community College District distributed through Canvas Commons
as
GEOS: A Physical Geology Lab Manual for California Community Colleges
is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
(
CC-BY- SA
(Links)
)
unless otherwise noted.
I have complied the question and instructions on to this activity for you to easily read
through the content and included a PDF of the questions for you to use to fill out and
submit as this assignment. Please do not post this file to any other website or server
for public distribution.
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