Hutson- GEOL Lab 5.1

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Feb 20, 2024

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PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. What are the three categories of sedimentary rocks? Clastic rocks, biogenic rock, chemical rock 2. True or False ? Mechanical weathering involves the dissolution or decomposition of sediments. 3. Clastic sedimentary rock textures are described in terms of: (Select all that apply.) a. Grain shape b. Grain source c. Grain size d. Grain sorting 4. Which of the following sedimentary rocks are clastic? (Select all that apply.) a. Mudstone b. Chert c. Sandstone d. Coal e. Rock Salt 5. Chemical sedimentary rocks form when crystals _ Precipitate _ from an aqueous solution. 6. Using the information in Table 4 (next page), give an example of a possible environment where a fine-grained, well-rounded, and well-sorted quartz sandstone would form. On a beach ©2016, eScience Labs Sedimentary Rocks

Table 4. Depositional Environments and Corresponding Rock Properties Environment Rock Type Composition, Texture, and Other Features Desert Clastic Very well-sorted, well rounded sands; cross-stratification common Glacier Clastic Poorly sorted, angular to rounded grains (mud–gravel) River Clastic Well-sorted, angular to rounded grains (mud–gravel) Lake Clastic Mud–gravel, laminations and grading common Lake Chemical Crystalline/microcrystalline precipitates (halite, gypsum, silica, iron, etc.) Lake Biogenic Plant and/or animal (shell) fragments Beach Clastic Well-sorted, well-rounded grains (sand and gravel) Delta Clastic Well to poorly sorted, rounded grains (mud–sand) Shallow Sea Clastic Well-sorted, rounded sands Shallow Sea Chemical Ooids (spherical calcite grains with laminations) Shallow Sea Biogenic Shells and shell fragments Reef Biogenic Shells and shell fragments, corals Deep Sea Clastic Mostly mud (occasional fine sand), laminations and grading common Deep Sea Chemical Microcrystalline precipitates (silica) 7. ©2016, eScience Labs Sedimentary Rocks

EXERCISE 1 DATA SHEET Table 6. Sedimentary Rock Identification Rock Sample Rock Type (Clastic, Biogenic, or Chemical) Composition Texture (Grain size, etc.) Rock Name Other Observations G Classic Quartz grains Mostly sand Quartz sandstone Hard (scratches glass) H Classic Rock and mineral fragments Mostly clay Shale Splits into sheets I Biogenic Shell & shell fragments, and calcite mud Fine - grained calcite mud, no shells Lime mudstone Effervesces in acid J Biogenic Plant fragments Visible plant fragments Peat Brown, easy to break K Classic Rock and mineral fragments Mostly gravel Breccia Angular grains L Chemical Gypsum crystals Crystalline Rock gypsum Soft, fingernail can scratch it ©2016, eScience Labs Sedimentary Rocks

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EXERCISE 1 POST-LAB QUESTIONS 1. Compare the environments listed in Table 4 (below) and your descriptions and rock names in Table 6 (Data Sheet). Identify the possible environment(s) for each sample below. G: quartz sandstone: desert, river, lake, beach, shallow sea H: shale: river, delta, deep sea I: lime mudstone: lake, shallow sea, reef J: peat: lake K: breccia: glacier, river, lake, beach L: rock gypsum: lake, shallow sea, deep sea Table 4. Depositional Environments and Corresponding Rock Properties Environment Rock Type Composition, Texture, and Other Features Desert Clastic Very well-sorted, well rounded sands; cross-stratification common Glacier Clastic Poorly sorted, angular to rounded grains (mud–gravel) River Clastic Well-sorted, angular to rounded grains (mud–gravel) Lake Clastic Mud–gravel, laminations and grading common Lake Chemical Crystalline/microcrystalline precipitates (halite, gypsum, silica, iron, etc.) Lake Biogenic Plant and/or animal (shell) fragments Beach Clastic Well-sorted, well-rounded grains (sand and gravel) Delta Clastic Well to poorly sorted, rounded grains (mud–sand) Shallow Sea Clastic Well-sorted, rounded sands Shallow Sea Chemical Ooids (spherical calcite grains with laminations) Shallow Sea Biogenic Shells and shell fragments Reef Biogenic Shells and shell fragments, corals Deep Sea Clastic Mostly mud (occasional fine sand), laminations and grading common Deep Sea Chemical Microcrystalline precipitates (silica) ©2016, eScience Labs Sedimentary Rocks

Hutson- GEOL Lab 5.1

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