Chapter 3 Discussion Questions on Earthquakes for GLG 110

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2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 1/9 Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes) Due Jan 21 at 11:59pm Points 7 Questions 5 Available until Jan 22 at 11:59pm Time Limit None Allowed Attempts Unlimited Instructions Overview You have unlimited attempts to complete this assignment. There is no time limit on those individual attempts. First view Lecture Set 3 and read Chapter 3 in your textbook. These exercises are designed to make you think more broadly about the material, and many questions have no right or wrong answer. For these reasons, one attempt will typically be adequate. Instructions Click “Take the Quiz” button to begin. Each question has its own set of instructions. Read carefully. Click “Submit” when finished. How you'll be graded The assignment will be graded based on percent completed, not necessarily on correct responses, as many questions have no right or wrong answer. Please review any feedback that you receive after the assignment is completed in order to get the most from these Discussions.

2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 2/9 This quiz was locked Jan 22 at 11:59pm.  Correct answers are no longer available. Score for this attempt: 7 out of 7 Submitted Jan 18 at 10:48pm This attempt took 16 minutes.  Question 1 1.09 / 3 pts We will check these manually after-the-fact; you will receive zero points for any blank answers. You encounter an historical document that describes the effects of the great California earthquake of 1857 (just after the Gold Rush) on various cities. Use the descriptions below and the Mercalli Intensity Scale to classify the intensity felt in each city. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Roman numeral. San Diego, 8:24 am: Felt faint shaking II Visalia, 8:24 am: Felt by all. Light damage. Buildings make cracking sound. VII San Jose, 8:24: Felt by all. Some people run outside. Some furniture moved. IV San Bernadino, 8:25 am: Many people frightened, felt by all, some heavy furniture moved VII Sacramento, 8:25 am: Felt by most, frightened. Some clocks stopped. Doors swing. A few walls cracked. Crockery rattled. VIII Los Angeles, 8:30 am: Many people frightened, felt by all, some heavy furniture moved VI Fort Tejan, 8:30 am: Considerable to complete destruction of buildings of the fort. One woman killed in adobe building collapse. IX

2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 3/9 Answer 1: You Answered II Answer 2: You Answered VII Answer 3: You Answered IV Answer 4: Monterey, 8:30 am: Some people wake up. Dishes disturbed. IV Las Vegas, 8:30 am: Felt faint shaking I Mariposa, all morning: Nothing out of the ordinary. I Donnieville, all morning: Nothing out of the ordinary. I

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2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 4/9 You Answered VII Answer 5: You Answered VIII Answer 6: You Answered VI Answer 7: You Answered IX Answer 8: You Answered IV Answer 9: You Answered I Answer 10: You Answered I Answer 11: You Answered I These are my estimates. Remember that Mercalli Intensity is qualitative, somewhat subjective, and depends on the quality and amount of information provided. Therefore your estimates may be slightly different from mine.  Question 2 0 / 1 pts Given the Mercalli Intensity values assigned in the previous question and the map of California below, answer the following questions. Which city was probably closest to the epicenter of this earthquake? Fort Tejan Which city was probably farthest from the epicenter of this earthquake? Las Vegas

2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 5/9 Answer 1: You Answered Fort Tejan Answer 2: You Answered Las Vegas Here's the map we came up with from these observations!

2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 6/9  Question 3 Not yet graded / 1 pts Your Answer: Variations in the SITE --- hard rock in Mariposa resulting in very little to no shaking; soft basin fill in Sacramento and San Diego caused amplification; the amplification was greater in Sacramento than in If we assume that the epicenter of the earthquake was close to the city with the highest intensity, explain in a few sentences the possible reasons that intensity in Sacramento was greater than in Mariposa and greater than in San Diego. Given the assumption that the epicenter was near the city exhibiting the highest intensity, in this case, Sacramento, the reason for Sacramento's higher intensity in comparison to Mariposa and San Diego may lie in its distance from the epicenter. During an earthquake, the shaking is usually stronger in locations closer to the epicenter. Furthermore, the intensity of ground shaking can be influenced by geological factors, including the composition of the soil and the geology of the area. The greater intensity felt in Sacramento during the 1857 earthquake may have been caused by the city's proximity to the epicenter and its geological features.

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2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 7/9 San Diego -- consistent with the agricultural valley of Sacramento.  Question 4 0 / 1 pts Sacramento Visalia San Jose Monterey You Answered San Bernadino LA San Diego Las Vegas Any city that wasn't sitting on the epicenter/rupture would benefit from early-warning systems, giving people 10 seconds or more to take cover. In other words, all cities on this map aside from Fort Tejon would have benefitted.  Question 5 0 / 1 pts Based on distance from epicenter, which cities would have benefitted most from an earthquake early-warning system? For this 1857 earthquake, the surface rupture has been measured by scientists to be about 300 km long. Use the plot below to estimate the Moment Magnitude (Mw).

2/17/24, 9:16 PM Chapter 3 & Lecture Set 3: Discussion Questions (earthquakes): GLG 110: Dangerous World (2024 Spring - A) https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/179803/quizzes/1350966?module_item_id=12883045 8/9 You Answered 7.9 This relationship, based on modern observations, shows a relationship between surface rupture length and Moment Magnitude. You can graphically estimate the magnitude if you know the surface rupture length. If you estimated anywhere in the range 7 to 8, you've done well!

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