Chapter 11 - Soil_ The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
1/21
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
Due: 11:59pm on Saturday, February 10, 2024
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 1
Part A
Which process creates soil by breaking down parent material such as bedrock into smaller particles?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 2
Part A
Which of the following is the top layer of a typical soil profile?
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ANSWER:
weathering
erosion
leaching
infiltration
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
2/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 3
Part A
The most inclusive group in the taxonomic classification system for soils is the soil order
.
Which of the following are orders of soil?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 4
Part A
A horizon
B horizon
E horizon
O horizon
poor, medium, and good
A, B, and C
silt, clay, and loam
oxisols, aridisols, and mollisols
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
3/21
Mycorrhizae are a kind of __________ that lives in a symbiotic relationship with some plant roots.
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 7
Part A
Which of the following renders land less productive or even useless and is therefore considered a form of desertification?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 11
fungus
virus
animal
bacterium
salinization
sedimentation
erosion
irrigation
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
4/21
Part A
Which of the following statements is true regarding soil particle size?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 12
Part A
Which of the following is true regarding soil?
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ANSWER:
As the average size of the soil particles decreases, water infiltration increases.
As the average size of the soil particles decreases, aeration decreases.
As the average size of the soil particles decreases, nutrient-holding capacity decreases.
As the average size of the soil particles decreases, water-holding capacity decreases.
Soil is just "dirt" and would not be considered an ecosystem.
Soil consists only of biotic components, so it is not an ecosystem.
Soil is an ecosystem because it contains many interacting biotic and abiotic components.
Soil consists only of abiotic components, so it is not an ecosystem.
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
5/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 13
Part A
The soil in your yard consists mostly of very fine particles smaller than 0.004 mm in diameter. Your soil has a large __________ content.
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 14
Part A
Which of the following is true regarding the addition of organic matter and humus to soil?
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ANSWER:
fine sand
silt
clay
loam
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
6/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 16
Part A
Which of the following is true regarding the soil profile?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 17
Part A
Adding organic matter and humus to soil decreases nutrient-holding capacity and increases infiltration.
Adding organic matter and humus to soil decreases infiltration and nutrient-holding capacity.
Adding organic matter and humus to soil increases nutrient-holding capacity and infiltration.
Adding organic matter and humus to soil increases nutrient-holding capacity and decreases infiltration.
The process of soil formation creates a random gradient of soil layers.
The process of soil formation creates parent material.
The process of soil formation creates distinct horizontal soil layers.
Soil exists only in the top horizons of a soil profile.
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
7/21
Which of the following would be best to add to your garden to enhance plant growth?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 20
Part A
If you were to dig a deep hole in the ground that exposes the soil profile, which layer contains weathered parent material?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 22
clay
silt
humus
sand
A horizon
O horizon
The E horizon
C horizon
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
8/21
Part A
You hold some soil in your hand and notice how sandy it feels. What soil property are you observing?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 25
Part A
Of the following, which is the most important resource for supporting human civilization?
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ANSWER:
texture
fertility
tilth
order
coal
crude oil
fertile soil
iron ore
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
9/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 26
Part A
You are shown a profile of a mollisol soil with a very dark, rich A horizon. This soil is most likely from which part of the world?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 27
Part A
Which of the following is true of sandy soil?
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ANSWER:
most of Australia
central region of the United States
northern Canada
most of Brazil
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
10/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 29
Part A
What are the three attributes of a soil that relate to water?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 31
Part A
Sandy soil has a poor nutrient-holding capacity.
Sandy soil tends to have poor water infiltration.
Sandy soil has a high water-holding capacity.
Sandy soil has poor aeration properties.
irrigation, infiltration, and salinization
infiltration capacity, water-holding capacity, and evaporative water loss
evaporation, transpiration, and sublimation
depth, particle size, and workability
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
11/21
Which of the following is usually important for a soil to support a good crop?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 32
Part A
Which of the following classifications of soil includes all of the others?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 5
a thick C horizon
a uniform particle size, such as clay
a pH near neutral
poor tilth
group
family
class
order
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
12/21
Part A
What kind of erosion occurs as the impact of falling raindrops breaks up the clumpy structure of the topsoil?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 15
Part A
Which of the following is true of the relationship between flood irrigation and desertification?
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ANSWER:
splash erosion
sheet erosion
gully erosion
rill erosion
Flood irrigation decreases desertification by introducing salts and minerals to the topsoil.
Flood irrigation decreases desertification by providing water for crops.
Flood irrigation decreases desertification by leaching nutrients to lower soil horizons.
Flood irrigation increases desertification when irrigation water evaporates, leaving the salts behind.
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
13/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 18
Part A
Which of the following is most harmful to the topsoil and is the reason that many organizations are now invested in soil conservation?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 23
Part A
What is the best general description of desertification?
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ANSWER:
weathering
erosion
aeration
leaching
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
14/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 24
Part A
While traveling through Illinois, you notice a farm field with deep channels where the topsoil appears to have washed away. This is likely the result of __________
erosion.
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 33
leaching of soil nutrients due to acid rain
changing weather patterns because of the greenhouse effect
reduction in productivity of drylands
extended drought conditions
sheet
splash
wind
gully
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
15/21
Part A
Erosion can lead to which of the following?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 34
Part A
Which of the following is most likely to cause increased erosion?
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ANSWER:
damage to the ecosystems of streams and rivers
leaching
transpiration
salinization
no-till farming
plowing to control weeds
planting a windbreak
contour farming
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Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
16/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 6
Part A
Which agency within the Department of Agriculture was established in response to the Dust Bowl tragedy of the early 1930s?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 8
Part A
Where was the Keita Project instituted in 1982?
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ANSWER:
Forest Service
Natural Resource Conservation Service
Farm Service Agency
Environmental Protection Agency
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
17/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 9
Part A
Which of the following established conservation reserves on highly erodible cropland?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 10
Part A
Nepal
Burkina Faso
South Africa
Niger
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program
Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR)
Conservation Security Program (CSP)
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
18/21
Programs such as the Conservation Security Program (CSP), Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP), and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
provide incentives to __________ in exchange for land conservation.
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 19
Part A
Which of the following does not
contribute to desertification in dryland ecosystems?
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ANSWER:
the federal government
state governments
the Natural Resource Conservation Service
private landowners
overcultivation
overgrazing
installation of check dams and shelterbelts
prolonged drought
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2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
19/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 21
Part A
Which of the following will reduce soil erosion?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 28
Part A
You are a landowner with 100 acres of highly erodible land. Which federal program should you look into?
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ANSWER:
planting of trees in shelterbelts
cultivating the land straight up and down a slope
planting only one type of cash crop
traditional plowing and cultivation by heavy machinery
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
20/21
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 30
Part A
Where would it be best to repeat the Keita Project?
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ANSWER:
Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Question 35
Part A
Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Conservation Reserve Program
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program
an area that is being reforested
an area that has flooded
an area with high concentrations of nanoparticles
an area that is in the process of desertification
2/6/24, 7:10 PM
Chapter 11 - Soil: The Foundation for Land Ecosystems
https://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1816282
21/21
Which of the following is a goal of sustainable agriculture?
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ANSWER:
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 0.0%.
You received 0 out of a possible total of 35 points.
to increase the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
to maximize yield
to maintain productive topsoil
to decrease the number of farms in the United States
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