Solving Drainage Basins and Stream Orders: A Study Module

’b,,m—Solvlng Module #1: Drainage Basins and Stream Orders y FIGURE 1-1 s o NAEA 1. Figure 1-1 is a model of a small portion of the Madre de Dios watershed in southwestern | peru. Find and circle all seven drainage basins (also known as watersheds). < one the following terms to complete each sentence for questions 2-7. « discharge zone ¢ sub-basins « tributary streams « internal drainage areas « drainage divides * trunk stream | « dendritic drainage pattern * mouth ; « continental divide * radial drainage pattern 2.The three locations identified by letter A on Figure 1-1 are examples of M{vh{j SAfeams 3. The four locations identified by letter B on Figure 1-1 are examples of | A0aint9e e 4. Letter C on Figure 1-1is a 'H\U n E SH\Cﬂ/‘A 5. Ahighland that separates a drainage basin that flows into one ocean from apother drainage basin that flows into a different ocean is called aC_m_fiAM_S_\NjA(;_. 6. Streams that flow outward from a gentral point are said to exhibit a [adidl _ drainag, Parte( 1.Streams that resemble the branching pattern of a tree are said to exhibit a PeAdritiC dtainegs padrelh 103 Scanned with CamScanner

v 8. What is the stream order system? A o Mp g SySten Used to AuSsY StreomS base) off Landino x 9. What are first-order streams? Smalle$ \', bipaly Lyl siheamS 10. When do second-order streams form? Wwheh I Mirsk order Stteam$ h it Stream order rules: « Headwaters are first-order streams. Higher-order streams are second-order, third-order, and so on. * Downstream segments are defined at confluences. « If two streams are not the same order at a confluence, the higher order is maintained for the downstream segment. « If two streams are the same order at a confluence, the downstream segment is assigned the next-higher order. ™ 11. Figure 1-2 is a simplified model of a river basin. Rank the streams from 1-5 in the provided identification boxes. WAL [Wxed) E;;’ 3 o . 4" i FIGURE 1-2 Bepperctm SA 104 - Scanned with CamScanner

W ) p,,,n-Solvtng Module #2: Stream Discharge » me you live in a state where people recently passed a referendum to construct a large hydroelectric ", Itis determined that two different rivers—the Muddy River and the Rocky River—have potential :" for the dam's location. Both sites are located on fourth-order streams, Hydroelectric engineers tell " yone that the proposed dam should be located on the river with the larger annual discharge. ,Muddy River site has flooded many times over the past 50 years. The Rocky River site has flooded _yonce in the past 50 years. Nobody knows for sure which river has the larger annual discharge, but Lt half the people think it's the Muddy River, and about half think it's the Rocky:River. You are called _pdetermine the answer using the scientific method. gate your hypothesis about which river has the larger annual discharge. potehr % 4he focky (Wl will lae — gleaer Jiclotng what data do you need to collect in order to test your hypothesis, and why is the 5 § gmporal scale of your data important? we MY coleet ShPeam yelecty ovel xime, e domporal Srale S impoChwit be of o LiYou begin your work by cglcula!ing the annualldischargs of bpth rivers for a slﬂngé‘%ar.""“"‘?d complete Table 2-1 by using the streamflow discharge equation: are N a ‘ a=A-Vv + @ = discharge in cubic meters/ second (m¥s) + A = area of river (width x depth) + V = flow velocity in meters/second (m/s) Muddy River Rocky River Width | Depth | Velocity Q Width | Depth | Velocity Q (m) (m) (m/s) (m¥/s) (m) (m) (m/s) (m¥/s) 1534 | 59 1 [oso [ | 1008 | 85 14 [1995.2] February 153 | 6 1 |a20o4 | 1008 | 886 15 [\1oas 1536 | 63 11 lipgq4.Mg 1010 | 88 16 13332 1537 | 65 1.2 |wqgs 6| 101 89 1.6 [\M39£.4y May | 1 1535 | 62 | 11 houwrgd 1010 | 87 | 15 ||31€0 \ \ | June 7637 | 65 | 13 |129g7.49 1012 | 9 7 572 ¢ July 1535 | 64 11 |logost | 1009 | 88 16 [\524¢ 17 \ August 1,534 6 11 [lpig4Hq | 1.008 8.8 15 [Wi1Rg September || 1,533 6 1.1 |1 11,8 1,007 8.6 15 1290 October 1532 | 58 1 bgee 4] 1006 | 83 15 [Yig1. November || 1,533 5.8 1 GEa1 P 1,006 8.3 14 [114¢4. December || 1,534 | 69 1 [A%8p] 1007 | 84 | 13 19 #qL MY Annual Discharge Total || 222207 i Annual Discharge Total \9 { ©5. Average Monthly Discharge [*A{ r5.57 Average Monthly Discharge | (71 ¢3.7 TABLE 2-1 105 Scanned with CamScanner

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

U LdL 9. Fiuvial LHErEEE 4. Assuming that the data in Table 2-1 is representative of many decades worth of discharge facts for both rivers, is your hypothesis supported or not supported by the information presented in Table 2-17 waS_ Suppafred 5. Based on your annual discharge calculations, on which river should the hydroelectric dam be placed? ) ?soc\fij et 6. In your own words, compose a sentence or two that corresponds with Step #6 of the scientific method as it relates to the river with the larger annual discharge. Recall that this step is about further inquiry, and it includes speculation about new questions, new ideas, and more/different data collection. The lorgel apmar dthotge G5 Fof #iac fofcy Ml buaug of te [aSTA (YA h}p&.. 106 Scanned with CamScanner

M-Snlvlng Module #3: Flood Recurrence Interval and Probability . What is a flood recurrence interval? e ayctont me peri® odwea _accuierS ok g4 ecibic mamitudt 1, What isa 100-year floodg Ahok 14S A V7, conel 99 _ deeytrid in uny avet Negl 3ifa 100-year flood occurs this year, what is the chance of it occurring next year? e daoneC femanS L0 nerecurrence interval for a flood is calculated using the following formula: =(n+1/m « T = the recurrence interval in number of years + n = the number of years of record + m = the rank of the flood (the largest flood on record is ranked 1) 1. Complete Table 3-1 by first specifying the rank and then calculating the recurrence interval for all the floods. Assume there are 147 years of records and these five are the biggest floods on record. Year | Discharge (m/s) | Rank | Recurrence Interval (T) 2013 5,287 H 37 yeal§ 1978 5,774 > | M7 yucs 1947 4,806 5 [21 Jeur? 1932 6,697 ( e yould 1893 5,334 7 H7 qent? TABLE 3-1 5. Discuss the findings you discovered in Table 3-1 by making a general statement that considers the rank of a flood and its recurrence interval. e PindigS koW Had foad5 patk wighel nles +end b WaVe lomeC [eatence TavervalS 6.Assume a 5,883 m/s flood is ranked #1 for the Cobblestone River within a 132-year flood record. What is the recurrence interval for this flood? 137 yeprd 1.Now, assume that the Cobblestone River experiences a 6,810 m/s flood. Recalculate the recurrence interval for the 5,883 m/sflood. ) s — B2 (5 & 4,810 107 Scanned with CamScanner

U Lab 9: Fluvial ChafabEtistes = 8. What happened to the recurrence interval for the 5,883 m/s flood? xS Wl Legse o tobgeC o ouinc) 9. Why are flood records going far back In time better for calculating recurrence intervals than records that span, say, only 30 years? lause Hhy proide oy Mot extwasiye W Sek T whith AcrtuSeS geeutacy 10. What is “annual flood probability"? Mt vxay bood of o AP0 leppeaiy w A VR Yegr Flood probability is calculated using the following formula: P=(1/7 100 « P = flood probability (as a percent) « T = recurrence interval 11. Use the flood probability equation to complete Table 3-2. Recurrence Interval in Years % Chance of Occurrence in a Given Year m (P) 500 0..7 100 7 50 25/ % 417 10 \97]- 107/ 507. TABLE 3-2 108 Scanned with CamScanner

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

yoplem-Solving Module #4: Floodplains f \What are ﬂoodplflns? ; | w4009 geoynd ofw pear B OWC of AToums , Why are floodplains often attractive places for human settlement and agricultural activity? " Pecayse they ofe loc bod(e S o€ wakl ke ot OF coastal area sgure 4-1is a portion of the Burlington, lowa USGS 7.5 minute US TOPO. It is a map-view of a Iocatior'r +h roads, highways, and railroads removed. Map views illustrate locations from a top-dow'n perspective. wtransect laid across the map is labeled “A” at its northern point and “B"” at its sout'hern point. The qnsect begins and ends at 650 feet above sea level and cuts across many contour lines. FIGURE 4-1 109 Scanned with CamScanner

U Lab 9: Fluvial LHETEET Sometimes scientists need to visualize locations from a side perspective. This is called a profile-view, Profile-views are quickly sketched using the following 5 steps: 1. Align a scrap piece of paper to transect A-B. 2, On the scrap paper, mark the location of each index contour that it intersects. 3. Align the marked scrap paper along the base of a graph. 4. Place elevation dots within the graph that correspond to the index contour marks. 6. Connect the elevation dots with a smooth line. / 3. Using transect A-B from Figure 4-1, draw a profile on Figure 4-2. 700 [- 700 600 A I 600 500 g ©— FIGURE 4-2 4. Consider the profile sketch of transect A-B that you made on Figure 4-2. At what elevation would the most alluvium be located, and how might a farmer benefit from knowing this information? Since S dy wak, poelably 440 0 | ow 5. How might a hiking club benefit from the profile sketch of transect A-B that you made on Figure 4-27 B yau Lkl y Some poctS wol) be <Steper on) " lightt fhee OHelS 6. How might a potential home buyer hoping to avoid buying flood insurance benefit from the profile sketch of transect A-B that you made on Figure 4-2? Moy weul ne +oleok gt 600 D 725 %o ovall 1% 110 Scanned with CamScanner

e 4-31s the same portion of the Burlington, lowa USGS 7.5 minute US TOPO illustrated in Figure 4-1. '1‘; (ime, however, the roads, highways, and railroads are visible. 3 9 < ey FWASHINGTONST- \f 7 7 K piane 57y v Research from USGS FIGURE 4-3 7. Consider transect A-B on Figure 4-3. If you had to buy a home along this transect and were concerned about the cost of flood insurance, would you choose a home on Maple Street or Valley Street? Explain. Mmofle Steeeh beease W6 A9kl 8.Consider the profile you constructed on Figure 4-2, as well as transect A-B on Figures 4-3 and 4-4, What will likely happen to the railroad track in the qvent of a 100-year flood? T would be eSS ¢ 111 Scanned with CamScanner

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

d Lanaiviine ™ O Lab 9: Fiuvial Characteristics 81 Figure 4-4 is adapted from the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) specific for this section of the Mississ; River. FIRM maps are available from the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Map Servies Center (MSC). FIRM maps empower individuals, communities, and other stakeholders with information needed to mitigate flood risk. 1 . {[Fq Flood haward area subject to inundation by the 1% “JL:_dannual chance flood. FIGURE 44 9. What is the recurrence interval for the flood scenario illustrated in Figure 4-4?7 10. Considering Figure 4-4, does the prediction you made in question 8 look likely? Y S Table 4-1 lists two commercial addresses in Burlington. Only three blocks separate these two establishments. Estimated Flood Insurance Annual Premium Address Flood Hazard Risk Profile (Building and Contents) 106 Washington St, High Risk, $1750-$13743 Burlington, IA Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) 610 N 4th St, Moderate-to-low risk area $641-$6057 Burlington, IA TABLE 4-1 a9 ton 11. Which commercial establishment must be located at a higher elevation? 112 Scanned with CamScanner

CamScanner 11-12-2023 19.33

Related Documents