Midterm Questions_

Midterm Questions: Choose all the following that are true.x United States oil imports are nearly zero today Chinese oil imports are growing. What are the four systems on a drill rig? Hoisting, rotating, circulation, pressure control High rock porosity values are clear indicator of the ability of a porous medium to produce hydrocarbons. False What is the oil and gas industry doing in response to climate change? Select all that apply. Reducing emissions for operations Diversify into low carbon technologies such as geothermal Carbon Capture and Storage What are the two main technologies that detonated the domestic production of hydrocarbons from unconventional resources in the U.S? Horizontal drilling Hydraulic fracturing In 2020, production of energy from solar, wind, and other renewables sources was greater than energy production from fossil fuels. False If you combine all of Europe together as if it were one country, it would be one of the top three oil producing countries in the world. False What are some of the functions of drilling mud? Cleaning cuttings, cooling, power transmission, pressure control What two ways can be used to steer a directional tool bit? Positive displacement mud motor and rotary steerable system Groundwater is protected during drilling and production activities by using multiple strings of casing and cement to seal the wellbore from the near surface environment.

Which of the following provides the torque to rotate the drill pipe in a rig without a kelly and turntable (rotary-table)? top drive Which of these would likely NOT be an effective cap rock? Conglomerate In formation evaluation, Gamma ray log is mainly useful to identify Lithology A petroleum system in which the targeted hydrocarbons are trapped in the source rock is called a(an) Unconventional petroleum system To provide reliable results, Gamma Ray, Density, and Resistivity logs must be run in an open hole The depth of investigation of various well logging tools can range from less than an inch to several feet Which country/region has recently become an exporter of natural gas? United States The definition of standard cubic foot is best stated as natural gas volume at standard surface conditions What is the criterion for setting surface casing? drill 100 to 200 ft below the deepest groundwater Oil Production is dominated by three countries. What are these three countries? United States Saudi Arabia Russia The definition of standard cubic feet is best states as Natural gas volume at standard surface conditions What parameters determine the upper and lower bounds for the mud weight window? (choose two) pore pressure gradient. fracturing pressure gradient. Why did the driller increase from 10 ppg to 16 ppg in this well at about 11,000 ft? the deeper zone is overpressured.

What are some of the functions of drilling mud? Cleaning cuttings, cooling, power transmission, pressure control Once CO2 has been captured, what methods are implemented to handle it? storage and utilization The following events must occur in the correct order for a conventional petroleum system to produce and store oil or gas. However, in an unconventional shale environment, one of these events does not occur at all. Indicate which one is it. Migration of hydrocarbons to a trap. When interpreting a Gamma Ray log, Select all that apply shales show high radioactivity. sandstones show low radioactivity. What are some of the attributes of the rocks that are relevant to the evaluation of a potential petroleum reservoir that Geoscientist are looking for? (Select all that apply) Depth and thicknesses of potential producing intervals Subsurface structures Type and amount of fluids contained in rocks. Permeability and porosity When calculating original oil in-place (OOIP), which of the following are needed? recovery factor drainage area porosity gross thickness formation volume factor

FREE RESPONSE: A new vessel can safely resist an external pressure of 1500 psig. How deep in the ocean can it safely be submerged? Provide a solution in [feet] assuming that the average relative density of seawater is 1.04. Show clearly your handling of units for full credit. ρ = 1. 04 𝑥 62.4?? ? ?? 3 = 64.896 ?? ? ?? 3 ? ? = 32.2 ?? ? *?? 1?? ? *? 2 𝑥 1 ? 2 32.2 ?? = 32.2 ?? ? 32.2?? ? = 1?? ? ?? ? = 𝑝 ρ? ? = 1500?? ? 𝑖? 2 1 ?? ? ?? ? 𝑥 ( 64.896 ?? ? ?? 3 𝑥 ?? 3 1728 𝑖? 3 ) 1500?? ? 𝑖? 2 0.0376 ?? ? 𝑖? 3 1500?? ? 𝑖? 2 𝑥 1 𝑖? 3 0.0376 ?? ? = 39, 893. 62 𝑖? 39, 893. 62 𝑖? 𝑥 1 ?? 12 𝑖? = 3, 324. 468 ?? Answer: 3,324.468 ft If you are drilling at a mud weight of 14 ppg and your pore pressure gradient is 0.65 psi/ft, your mud weight conditions could be described as…

If you are drilling at a mud weight of 9.3 ppg and your pore pressure gradient is 0.52 psi/ft, your mud weight conditions could be described as… Calculate the mud density [lb/gal] required to prevent flow from a permeable formation at 12200 ft if the pore pressure of the formation fluid is 8500 psi. 13.41 Compute hydrocarbons saturation, So, using Archie's equation and the following parameters and conditions. Rock is sandstone so use appropriate value for "a" parameter; Porosity = 0.11; Connate water resistivity= 0.063 ohm-m; Rt=140 ohm-m; cementation factor “m” and saturation exponent “n” are m=n=2. I got 0.8 but he said not to round Answer the following questions based on the mud weight window plot provided. Assume the surface casing has already been installed to 2000 ft. At what depth would you set the next casing string? 8,000 ft

Assume you drill a well that requires four casing strings. Indicate the casing type in the order they are installed. First: Conductor Casing Second: Surface Casing Third: intermediate casing Fourth: Productor casing Label the components of the drill rig, A through E. Choose from the dropdown menus on the right for the best description of each component. A: Traveling Block B: Hook C: Swivel D: Mud hose E: Elevators

Select all that are true. CO2 leaks naturally from the Earth. CO2 emissions are associated to fossil energy consumption. CO2 can be used as an enhanced oil recovery method. Of the countries listed, which has the most efficient economy with regard to energy per $ GDP generated? Japan

The following events must occur in the correct order for a conventional petroleum system to produce and store oil or gas. However, in an unconventional shale environment, one of these events does not occur at all. Indicate which one is it. Migration of hydrocarbons to a trap.