bio 145 lab 2
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School
Rio Salado Community College *
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Course
145
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by DoctorTurtleMaster5048
#1. List two forms of technology that are used to create maps.
Two forms of technology that are used to create maps are sonar and satellites.
Sound navigation ranging, or better known as sonar, is used by sending pulses
through the water down to the seafloor and back up again. We often use sonar
to get a better understanding of the oceans depths by seeing how long the
sound waves travel back to us.
#2. List the three main layers of the earth.
The three main layers of the Earth are the core, mantle, and crust. The crust is
the outermost layer and is also the coolest and thinnest layer as well. The
Earth’s mantle is the most solid bulk of the Earth’s interior. Lastly, the Earth’s
core is the hottest and most dense part of the planet.
#3. Name the tectonic plate on which Europe is found.
The tectonic plate found in Europe is called the Eurasian plate. The Eurasian
plate is the third largest major plate and consists of Europe, Russia, and parts of
Asia.
#4. In which general direction (north, south, east, or west) is the Australian
plate moving?
The Australian plate is moving towards the Northward direction with a small
clockwise rotation.
#5. Define the term plate tectonics.
Plate tectonics is defined as the movement of the Earth’s plates that could
cause a phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, and the potential movement of
continents.
#6. Define the term bathymetry.
Bathymetry is defined as the depths and shapes of the oceans and other large
bodies of water. Bathymetry maps also help illustrate land that lies underwater
and helps us survey, analyze, and interpret the oceans floor.
#7. What is hydrography?
Hydrography is best defined as the measurement of physical features of bodies
of water. This not only includes the shapes and features of the shoreline, but it
can also measure the characteristics of tides, currents, and waves, along with
the physical and chemical properties of water.
#8. List the world's four ocean basins.
The worlds four large basins are Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Artic. The Pacific
Ocean is the largest in the world and the Atlantic Ocean houses the deepest sea
planes. The Indian Ocean is the smallest out of all the basins.
#9
a. Provide an example of a mid-ocean ridge and describe what happens there.
Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain chains of volcanoes that are built up
after several eruptions underwater when the sea floor spreads apart. An
example of a mid-ocean ridge would be the Mid-Atlantic range.
b. What is another name for a mid-ocean ridge?
Another name for a mid-ocean ridge would be a spreading center. At the
spreading centers, magma rises from deep within the Earth until it reaches the
surface. Once it is at the surface, the magma cools and hardens it forms a new
seafloor.
#10.
a. What geologic process occurs along trenches?
The geological process that occurs along trenches are called subduction.
Trenches are deep depressions along the ocean floor and are formed when two
plates move towards one another, and one sinks below.
b. Briefly describe this process.
The process of subduction is when two plates collide, and one plate sinks below
the other therefore giving the name subduction or subduction zones on the
bottom of the ocean floor.
#11. What are seamounts?
Seamounts are underwater mountains that can potentially be volcanic.
Seamounts were mostly above water but have since been submerged because
of the sinking tectonic plates and the rising sea levels.
#12. Explain the purpose of contour lines on a bathymetric map.
The purpose of the contour lines on a bathymetric map is to represent the
changes in elevation on the seafloor. Contour lines that are closer to one
another represent a steeper slope and the farther away the contour lines are
from each other represent a gradual slope. Number associated with the contour
lines are used to show the depth in each location.
#13. What is a benefit of using color and contour lines on a bathymetric map?
The benefit of using color and contour lines on a bathymetric map is so that you
can indicate depth of the ocean floor at any point and the severity of those
depth changes by associating color to each depthless.
#14. Use the following bathymetric map to answer the questions that follow:
a. What is the approximate depth, in meters, at point A?
The approximate depth in meters at point A is about 270.
b. Which area, B or C, has a steeper slope?
Area B has a steeper slope overall based on the contour lines shown.
#15. Use the data from the simulated seafloor map to answer the following
questions:
a. What was the deepest depth recorded from the simulated seafloor model?
The deepest depth recorded on the stimulated seafloor model was 80mm.
b. Which sea floor feature does this deepest depth likely represent?
The deepest seafloor feature that is more than likely represented is the trench.
c. What was the shallowest depth recorded from the simulated seafloor model?
The shallowest depth recorded on the stimulated seafloor model was 33mm.
d. Which sea floor feature does this shallowest depth likely represent?
The shallowest seafloor feature that is more than likely represented is the
underwater volcano.
#16. List two possible sources of measurement error in the depths of the
simulated seafloor model.
Two possible sources of measurement error in the depths of the stimulated
seafloor model could potentially be the variations in the pressure on the sand
and inaccurate markings on the depth of the dowel.
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