Lab (1)

Lab 01 Earth ’ s Geographic Grid Figure 1.3: Introductory Diagram of Latitude and Longitude. 1. Refer to Figure 1.3. 1. Latitude is measured to the north or south of the: Equator 2. Longitude is measured to the east or west of the: Prime Meridian 3. Lines that are drawn from north to south (from the North Pole to the South Pole) are called: Longitude (meridians) 4. Lines that are drawn from east to west are called (from the Prime Meridian to the Antimeridian (180th Meridian): Latitude 5. The highest degree possible for a line of latitude is: 90 6. The highest degree possible for a line of longitude is: 180 2. In one to two sentences, describe the differences between great and small circles . A great circle is any circle that divides the Earth into a circumference of two equal halves. Small circles are circles that cut the earth in two but not into two equal halves. 3. On Figure 1.3, label an example of a great circle and an example of a small circle . Great Circle: Equator Small Circle: Longitude 40 degrees 4. Refer to Table 1.1. 7. How does the length of longitudes change as latitude is increased? 8. Calculate the distance of the Earth along the equator. Show your work. 68.7 x 360= 24732 3. Calculate the distance of the Earth along 30 ° N. Show your work. 59.956 x 360= 21584.16 4. Calculate the distance of the Earth along 60 ° S. Show your work. 5. 34.674 x 360 = 12481.2 Figure 1.5 provides a graph that you can use for the following two questions (Hint: this is great practice as you will be using this graph again later in the lab).

Figure 1.5: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude. 6 5. How many miles are between 60 ° N, 30 ° W and 60 ° N, 50 ° E? Show your work. 9. First, determine the number of degrees of longitude between these two locations (use Figure 1.5): 30+50=80 10. Second, refer to Table 1.1 and multiply your answer for 5a by the longitudinal distance at 60 ° N: 80 x 34.674= 2773.92 6. How many miles are between 30 ° S, 60 ° W and 30 ° S, 90 ° E? Show your work. 11. First, determine the number of degrees of longitude between these two locations (use Figure 1.5): 60+90=150 12. Second, refer to Table 1.1 and multiply your answer for 6a by the longitudinal distance at 30 ° S: 150 x 59.956= 8993.4 7. Write the following latitude and longitudes in DMS and use the correct abbreviations. Hint: 15 degrees, 32 minutes, and 11 seconds S would be written as 15 ° 32’ 11” S. Because it has the S designation, it is a latitude. 13. 5 degrees, 20 minutes, 30 seconds N: 5 ° 20’ 30” N 1. Is this a latitude or longitude? Latitude 6. 122 degrees, 40 seconds, and 55 minutes W: 122 ° 55’ 40” W 1. Is this a latitude or longitude? longitude 3. 88 degrees, 55 minutes, and 12 seconds S: 88 ° 55’ 12” S 1. Is this a latitude or longitude? Latitude 8. Apply What You Learned: Correct the errors on the following latitudes and longitudes. Hint: just like with time, minutes and seconds cannot exceed 60. For example, if there are 65 ’ shown, you should turn 60 ’ into 1° and keep 5 ’ remaining. So, 20 ° 65’ 00” N would be corrected as 21 ° 5’ 00” N. 14. 89 ° 47’ 65” N = 89 ° 48’ 5” N 15. 62 ° 59’ 61” S = 63 ° 0’ 1” S 16. 118 ° 67’ 51” E = 119 ° 7’ 51” E 9. Convert the following latitudes and longitudes from DMS to decimal degrees. 17. 20 ° 58 ’ 33” N 20.97583334 ° N 2. 04 ° 22’ 52” S 4.3811111 ° S 7. 118 ° 35’ 51” E 119.433333 ° E 10. What are the latitude and longitude of Point Dume at Point Dume State Beach... 18. ...in Decimal Degrees? Latitude: 34.002922 ° N Longitude: 118.806482 ° W

14. Refer to Figure 1.8. 20. Label the lines of latitude and longitude along the edges of the map. Note that they are in 30 ° increments. Figure 1.8: Global Robinson Projection. 2. What are the coordinates for the location labeled A (in North America)? Latitude: 60 ° N Longitude: 90 ° W 10. What are the coordinates for the location labeled B (in the Indian Ocean)? latitude: 0 ° Longitude: 60 ° W 11. Draw a dot at 20 ° S, 45 ° W and label it with a C. 12. Draw a dot at 60 ° N, 120 ° E and label it with a D. 13. Draw a dot at 45 ° S, 15 ° E and label it with a E. 14. Draw a dot at 35 ° N, 120 ° W and label it with a F. 15. Draw a dot at 70 ° S, 160 ° E and label it with a G. 16. Draw a dot at 10 ° N, 30 ° W and label it with a H. 17. Use Figure 1.9 to calculate the total distance in degrees between points A and D. Then, refer to Table 1.1 to determine the total distance in miles. Be sure to show your work. Figure 1.9: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude. 15. Refer to Figure 1.11. 21. How many time zones are shown across the map? Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: Why would there be this number of time zones? 24, because here are 24 hours in a day

22. Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: The Earth rotates 15 ° per hour so it would make sense that each time zone spans a distance of 15 ° . But the time zone boundaries are not vertical lines representing exactly 15 ° segments of the planet. Why do you think time zone boundaries are irregular? Explain your response in one to two sentences. because countries have established time and have decided what time their countries abide by. 16. What would be the solar time of someone 1 ° longitude west of the noon meridian? Show your work. 12pm- 4 minutes= 11:56am 17. What would be the solar time of someone 8 ° longitude east of the noon meridian? Show your work. 12pm+32 min= 12:32pm 18. Let’ s take greater distances into consideration. Assuming that you lived along 40 ° W longitude, and it was solar noon (subsolar point), what would be the solar time at each of the following different locations at the same moment in time? (Hint: first calculate the total distance in degrees, then decide if the location is either westward or eastward of your location. Lastly, convert the degrees into minutes and hours, then solve). Be sure to use Figure 1.13 to help you calculate the total distance in degrees and show your work. 23. 60 ° W: 20 ° west of subsolar point 24. 55 ° E:95 ° east of subsolar point 25. 80 ° W: 40 ° west of subsolar point 26. 140 ° E: 120 ° east of subsolar point Figure 1.13: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude. 19. Assuming that you lived along 50 ° E longitude, and it was solar noon (subsolar point), what would be the solar time at each of the following different locations at the same moment in time? Be sure to use Figure 1.14 to help you calculate the total distance in degrees and show your work. 27. 60 ° W: 28. 55 ° E: 29. 80 ° W: 30. 140 ° E: Figure 1.14: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.