Exercise 5 Parts 1 and 2
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Feb 20, 2024
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Exercise 5 Problems—Part I
Name: Brandon WhitakerRoss 1.
Compare the Mercator projection (Figure 5-1b) to a globe.
a.
Are all of the lines of latitude parallel to each other on both the globe and the Mercator projection? Yes, the lines of latitude shown on the Mercator projection are parallel to the globe,
b.
Do all of the parallels and meridians cross each other at right angles on the Mercator? Yes, all of the parallels and meridians represented on both the globe and Mercator cross each other at right angles
c.
On a globe, the meridians converge toward the poles. Describe the pattern of meridians on the Mercator. The meridians presented on the Mercator are shown as equally spaced parallel/vertical lines. Meanwhile, the parallels of latitude are presented as equal horizontal lines that are also parallel.
d.
Is north always straight toward the top of the Mercator projection? Yes, north is always straight toward the top of the Mercator projection.
e.
How would the North Pole be represented on the Mercator? It would be shown as a line that is equal to the same length of the equator instead of it being represented as a single point. Therefore, the north pole would be represented as a straight line.
f.
Could a single graphic scale be used to measure distances on a Mercator projection? Explain. No, because distance scale changes toward the poles. 2.
Study the Eckert projection (Figure 5-1a).
a.
Do all of the parallels and meridians cross each other at right angles? No, the parallels and meridians do not cross each other at a right angle. This is because although Eckert is accurate in regard to size, the lines appear curvy and distorted.
b.
How does the Eckert maintain equivalence in the high latitudes (what happens to the meridians)? The Eckert meridians converge toward the poles. c.
What happens to the shape of Greenland? What happens to the shape of Greenland is that
it is extremely distorted in size and shape. d.
Is north always straight toward the top of the Eckert? Explain.
No, this is because the meridians meet. In order to identify the north pole on the Eckert, you must follow the meridians towards the north pole.
Exercise 5 Problems—Part II
1.
Study the Goode’s Interrupted projection (Figure 5-6):
a.
Are ocean areas “left off” this map? Explain. No, ocean areas are not left off of this map but are only interrupted due to being pulled apart.
b.
The Goode’s is based on two different projections, one for the low latitudes and one for the high latitudes. At approximately what latitude does the projection change? (Hint: Look for the change in the shape of the map margins in the North Pacific.) The latitude of the projection changes at approximately 40° N & S.
2.
On a globe, use a piece of string to find the shortest path between Yokohama, Japan (near Tokyo) and San Francisco. This path is a “great circle” path. Two maps are shown here, a Gnomonic (i) and a Mercator (ii).
a.
Is the path of the string on your globe the same as the heavy line shown on just one of these maps, or on both of these maps? (Hint: Look carefully at the string on the globe in relation to the Aleutian Islands of Alaska [at about 50° N, 175° W].)
The path shown on both of the maps compared to the heavy string shown on the globe is the same.
b.
In terms of a navigator trying to maintain a constant compass heading, why would the great circle path shown be difficult to follow exactly? The great circle path would be difficult to follow because if the navigator is traveling by an airplane or ship and compass heading (direction) changes constantly.
c.
How would both a Mercator and a Gnomonic map be used together in navigation?
A gnomonic projection allows a navigator to recognize the distance of the route between end points, which assists in indicating the shortest route. Meanwhile, a Mercator projection allows the navigator to plot the directions with straight-line loxodromes, which
altogether enables the navigator to identify and decide which path of the great circle route
is the shortest.
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