Homework2-1 (1)

Homework 2 1) The following link provides observations of temperature and other variables from the NOAA climate divisional database (10 points). https://climatereanalyzer.org/clim/noaa-prism/ a. Go to the link and create two graphs for the annual average temperature anomalies (select “Annual (Jan-Dec)” under month), one for the United States and a second for any other state. Include the graphs that you created here. 1901-2000 Climate Baseline United States Annual Avg Temperature Anomaly (°F) NOAA Climate Divisional Database | ClimateReanalyzer.org, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine 18 9 5 190 5 1915 192 5 193 5 1 94 5 1955 19 65 197 5 1985 1 995 2005 20 15 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 1901-2000 Climate Baseline Washington Annual Avg Temperature Anomaly (°F) NOAA Climate Divisional Database | ClimateReanalyzer.org, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine 18 95 1905 1915 1925 1935 1 945 1955 19 65 1975 1985 1 995 2005 20 15 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 b. Describe whether you see any long-term change (i.e over ~100years) in either graph and discuss the similarities and/or differences between the two graphs.

I would say I see a lot of long-term change in both graphs, the both seem to fluctuate up and down and then starting around 1987 the temperature anomalies seems to stay positive and increase to a high of almost 4. c. Explain the reasons you might see differences in these graphs. I would think that the reason we have such high anomalies in the last 35 years or so would have to been built up for years as seen in the graphs since 1895 temperature anomalies proved to fluctuate juristically possibly rounding effects of the industrial revolution. 2) a. What scientific evidence and arguments would you use to respond to someone if they told you that they do not trust the global average temperature record that shows warming? (5 points) I would begin with the more simpler to read and understand graphs that show how global temperature increased throughout time, evidence of the glaciers and ice caps that have tremendously melted in the arctics and Greenland, etc. If the visual evidence was not convincing enough, I would read them some articles by scientists who have done an essential amount of research on the topic along with some videos. b. What scientific argument(s) would you use to respond to someone that tells you that the Earth stopped warming over the last 2 decades? (5 points) (Reference: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/did-global-warming-stop- 1998 ) The scientific argument I would use to respond to someone that tells me that the Earth stopped warming over the last 2 decades would be that due several reasons such as, sunlight reflecting volcanic particles, unusual geomagnetic cycle and the 1997-1998 El Nino contribution to the global average surface warming. 3) Explain how and why recent warming observed in the last 100-150 years is unusual relative to past recorded climate changes (10 points). Recent warming observed in the last 100-150 years is unusual relative to past recorded climate changes because of global average surface temperatures have set new records each following year, the rate of surface warming has grown more than twice as the warming average historically. Scientist comparison to ocean temperature data from the last three decades to the three decades before that found the rate of warming had increased 450%. As well as, global mean sea-level rise of about 200mm over 20 th century. 4) A reporter asks you to explain why scientists are confident that the Earth has undergone warming over the past few decades. Knowing that reporters do not like long answers, construct a response that takes 1 minute or less (10 points) Scientists are confident that the Earth has undergone warming over the past few decades due to the years of global temperature recorded and the fluctuating changes in global temperature anomalies, temperatures have dropped 1.0F over the last century and continue to drop. Sea