Lab 2

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School

Florida Atlantic University *

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Course

3015C

Subject

Geography

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by ProfMetal14955

1 | P a g e Name: __________________________ Intro to Mapping and GIS GISC 3015 Lab #2 ± Map Projections Lab Requirements: 1. Complete the exercise below and answer the following questions. Turn In: 1. Answered questions. STEP 1: Copy the µ Lab 2 ¶ folder WR \RXU µ G: ¶ G rive directory. This folder may be found in the following location: G:\MyCourses\GIS3015C\CourseMaterial In this exercise you will see how different projections can affect the way a map represents information. The earth is more or less round. Maps are flat. A map projection takes locations on a three-dimensional surface and plots them in two-dimensional space, thereby distorting some spatial property (shape, area, distance, or direction). Depending on your task and study area, the map projection you choose (if any) may affect your analysis. 1. Start ArcGIS Pro. If prompted, sign in using your licensed ArcGIS account. 2. On the start page, under your recent projects, click Open another project. 3. On the Open Project dialog box, navigate to ³ G:\MyCourses\GIS3015C\[YOURUSERNAME]\Lab_2 ´ DQG WKHQ VHOHFW DQG RSHQ WKH $UF*,6 3UR SURMHFW ³ Lab_2_Projections.aprx ´²

2 | P a g e 1RWLFH WKDW EHQHDWK WKH PDS YLHZ· WKH VWDWXV EDU GLVSOD\V WKH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH FXUVRU¶V position on the map, in this case as a Northing and Easting reported in Meters . 4. In the Contents pane double click the map ¸FUHDWLYHO\ QDPHG¹ µ Map ¶ . The Map Properties dialog box displays. a. Select the Tab µ*HQHUDO¶± 1RWH WKDW the Map Units are set to µ Meters ¶ and the Display Units (those units by which coordinates will be reported in the status bar) are also set to µ Meters ¶ . Change the Display Units to µ Degrees Minutes Seconds ¶ . b. Select the Tab µ Coordinate Systems ¶ . Note that the µ Current XY ¶ (the current coordinate system) is set to µ USA Contiguous Lambert Conformal Conic ¶ .

3 | P a g e c. Click µ OK ¶ . Notice that as you move your cursor across the map view, its position is now reported as µ Degrees, Minutes and Seconds ¶² 5. 2Q \RXU NH\ERDUG· SUHVV WKH µ F1 ¶ NH\ WR RSHQ $UF*,6 3UR¶V +HOS GRFXPHQWDWLRQ in a web browser. 6. In the Search bar, type Lambert Conformal Conic , and then scroll down to Distortion . ,Q SDUW· LW UHDGV ³ Directions, angles, and shapes are maintained ´² Note that the map has a large yellow circle at its center. We will use this as a visual cue for the property of conformality (the retention of shape in a map projection) as we adjust the PDS¶V SURMHFWLRQ ZKLOH ZRUNLQJ WKURXJK WKH H[HUFLVH² 8. 1RZ \RX¶OO PHDVXUH WKH GLVWDQFH IURP /RV $QJHOHV WR 1HZ <RUN· ZKLFK LV NQRZQ to be 2,461 miles. Your measurements will vary slightly from those reported here, depending on the precise placement of your cursor. On the ribbon, click the Map tab. In the Inquiry group, click the µ Measure ¶ button. The Measure Distance dialog opens. Change the method to Planar and the units to Miles and then click on the symbol for Los Angeles. Move the cursor to the symbol for New York, and then double-click to end the line. The distance between the two cities will be displayed in the µ0HDVXUH¶ GLDORJ . Record your distance measurement here: Miles. 7. In the Contents pane double click the map to open its properties dialog box. a. Select the Tab µ&RRUGLQDWH 6\VWHPV¶ . b. Under XY Coordinate Systems Available scroll down to expand the following: Geographic Coordinate Systems>World and then select the projection µ WGS 1984 ¶ . c. Click µ2.¶ to apply the World Geographic System of 1984 to the Map . 9. With the Measure tool, measure the distance from LA to New York. Record your distance measurement here: Miles. Your result should approximate the real world distance of 2,461 miles (allowing for error of cursor placement). Even though the shapes of the individual states (and the circle) are distorted, the distance measurement is accurate. Since the current Coordinate System is Geographic (WGS 84) , Pro LV PHDVXULQJ GLVWDQFHV DV WKH\ WUXO\ DUH RQ WKH HDUWK¶V VXUIDFH²

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4 | P a g e 10. In the Contents pane double click the map to open its properties dialog box. a. Select the Tab µ&RRUGLQDWH 6\VWHP s ¶ . b. Under XY Coordinate Systems Available scroll down to expand the following: Projected Coordinate Systems>World and then select the projection µ0HUFDWRU ²ZRUOG³¶ . c. Click µ OK ¶ to apply the Mercator map projection to the Map . d. With the Measure tool, measure the distance from Los Angeles to New York.

5 | P a g e Question 1: What is the distance? Numerical answers only. Question 2: Does the distance measured differ significantly from that measured in step 9 (i.e. more than that reasonably expected from small variations in cursor placement)? Question 3: Has the circle retained its shape? Question 4: The Mercator map projection preserves/retains which properties of the globe ²UHIHU WR $UF*,6 3UR¶V KHOS GRFXPHQWDWLRQ E\ FOLFNLQJ RQ WKH VRIWZDUH DQG KLWWLQJ µ)´¶ RQ \RXU NH\ERDUG±³ ? (8 pts) Question 5: A straight line drawn on a map with this projection is called a . As discussed in the lecture, upon what projection would a straight line follow the arc of a great circle? (6 pts)

6 | P a g e 11. Change the Projection again. In the Contents pane double click the map to open its properties dialog box., Selec W WKH 7DE µ Coordinate Systems ¶² The Map Properties dialog box displays. e. Select the Tab µ&RRUGLQDWH 6\VWHP¶ . f. Under XY Coordinate Systems Available scroll down to expand the following: Projected Coordinate Systems>World and then select the projection µ Behrmann ( ZRUOG³¶ . g. Click µ2.¶ to apply the Behrmann map projection to the map . h. With the Measure tool, measure the distance between the two cities. Question 6: What is the distance in miles (change the units if necessary)? Numerical answers only. Question 7: Does the distance measured differ significantly from that measured in step 9 (i.e. more than that reasonably expected from small variations in cursor placement)?

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7 | P a g e Question 8: Has the circle retained its shape? Question 9: The Behrmann map projection preserves/retains which properties of the globe? (8 pts) 12. The two previous projections, Behrmann and Mercator , are most suitable for regions near the equator. Next you will use a projection WKDW¶V VXLWDEOH IRU WKH continental United States. In the Contents pane double click the map to open its SURSHUWLHV GLDORJ ER[²· 6HOHFW WKH 7DE µ Coordinate Systems ¶² 13. The Map Properties dialog box displays. i. Select the Tab µ&RRUGLQDWH 6\VWHP¶ . j. Under XY Coordinate Systems Available scroll down to expand the following: Projected Coordinate Systems > Continental > North America and then select the projection µ86$ &RQWLJXRXV (TXLGLVWDQW &RQLF¶ . k. Click µ2.¶ to apply the USA Contiguous Equidistant Conic map projection to the Map . l. With the Measure tool, measure the distance between the two cities. Question 10: What is the distance in miles? Numerical answers only.

8 | P a g e Question 11: Does the distance measured differ significantly from that measured in step 9 (i.e. more than that reasonably expected from small variations in cursor placement)? Question 12: Has the circle retained its shape? Question 13: The Equidistant Conic projection preserves/retains which properties of the globe? (8 pts) 14. Save your project and exit ArcGIS Pro. Item Possible Points Total Questions 30 /30

Lab 2

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