Quiz on Snow Weather for Midterm Exam Preparation

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 1 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Started: Mar 13 at 1:09pm Quiz Instructions 1 pts Question 1 temperature elevation windspeed. slope angle in degrees pressure A contour map with lines labelled in values with units of ⁰ C depicts lines of constant elevation 1 pts Question 2 The windbarb below depicts what wind speed and direction? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382 =

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 2 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take northeast 70 km/h (35 kts) northeast 35 km/h (70 kts) southwest 35 km/h (70 kts) southwest 70 km/h (35kts) southeast 70 km/h (35 kts) 1 pts Question 3 Partly cloudy skies above Few clouds above Mostly cloudy skies above Clear skies above Overcast skies above If a model forecast indicates relative humidity values of 95% above the elevation at which you intend to ski, what cloud cover might you expect? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 3 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 4 A - high pressure ridge; B - low pressure centre A - low pressure centre; B - high pressure centre A - low pressure trough; B - high pressure ridge A - low pressure trough; B - high pressure centre A - high pressure centre; B - low pressure centre What are the labelled features on this mean sea level pressure map Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 4 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 5 A - low pressure trough; B - high pressure centre A - high pressure ridge; B - low pressure centre A - high pressure centre; B - low pressure centre A - high pressure ridge; B - low pressure trough A. A - low pressure centre; B - high pressure centre What are the labelled features on this mean sea level pressure map? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 5 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 6 cold; neither cold; the warm warm; the cold warm; neither cold; the cold Fill in the blanks by selecting one BEST answer. A ____ front is a front in which _____ airmass is advancing. 1 pts Question 7 Winds are typically stronger near the cold front. Snow and/or blowing snow limit visibility near the cold front. Precipitation starts as snow then transitions to rain behind the cold front. Temperature turns colder after the cold front passes. Clouds and fog near the cold front can reduce visibility. Which of the following weather factors that pose a risk to skiers and snowboarders near a cold front is NOT TRUE? 1 pts Question 8 Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 6 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Enjoying low density powder under sunny skies In the lodge because you got frostbite riding the chairlift Experiencing heavy precipitation, with dry breaks in between (showery precipitation) Clothing wet, and you get separated from friends due to poor visibility Experiencing icy conditions when rain was followed by below freezing temperatures Which of these is the most likely situation that you may end up in as a result of hazardous weather associated with a warm front? 1 pts Question 9 Yes, the surface wind speeds are reasonably accurate over inland areas including mountain ridge-tops. No, ridge-top winds could be strong. Model forecasts tend to show winds decreasing too quickly away from the ocean. Yes, although the surface wind speed forecast may be slightly off, winds will not be strong. Yes, model forecast surface winds usually overestimate actual wind speeds. No, model wind forecasts are rarely accurate over land or ocean. A surface (10-m above ground) wind forecast map shows light wind speeds over Whistler, an inland location. Is this a trustworthy indication that ridge-top winds will not be strong, and why? 1 pts Question 10 Based on the maps (left: 85.0-kPa winds, with wind barb units defined as they have Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 7 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Light winds because there are light winds at 85.0 kPa at the dot location, and the pressure gradient is fairly weak Strong winds because although the winds at 85.0 kPa are light at the dot location, the pressure gradient is moderate to strong Moderate winds because winds are light to moderate at 85.0 kPa across the region, and the pressure gradient is moderate Light winds because the there are light winds at 85.0 kPa across the south coast region, and pressure gradient is weak been throughout this snowsports section; right: mean sea level pressure in kPa), what kind of winds would you be most likely to experience at the black-and-grey dot, and why? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382 =>

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 8 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Strong winds because winds are light at 85.0 kPa across the region, but the pressure gradient is strong 1 pts Question 11 The astronaut in the satellite taking the pictures has to sleep at night Visible satellite imagery is dependent on sunlight to illuminate the clouds Polar orbiting satellites with the visible sensors are on the other (light) side of the earth during our nighttime Visible satellite shows colour imagery during the day, but only black and white imagery at night Infrared satellite imagery provides higher-resolution imagery Why don’t we use visible satellite imagery at night? (Assume no moonlight.) 1 pts Question 12 a statically stable temperature profile surface high pressure a low pressure system light winds clear skies at night Cold air pooling DOES NOT occur during which ONE of the following weather patterns? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 9 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 13 Low pressure system, during the warm frontal passage High pressure system, with fair weather and calm winds High pressure system, with strong winds Low pressure system, in between the warm and cold frontal passages Low pressure system, during the cold frontal passage Under what weather conditions are diurnal slope flows most pronounced? Select ONE answer. 1 pts Question 14 temperature increases with height within the layer the layer is statically stable a band of cold air lies above a band of warmer air a band of cold air lies beneath a band of warmer air there is little or no vertical motion Which of the following weather factors DOES NOT indicate a temperature inversion in an atmospheric layer? 1 pts Question 15 Which of the following conditions would strengthen a temperature inversion near the Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 10 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take windy conditions afternoon sunshine a strong low pressure system anabatic winds clear skies at night ground in the mountains? 1 pts Question 16 warmer; increasing cooler; decreasing warmer; constant warmer; decreasing cooler; increasing Fill in the blanks by selecting ONE answer. As air is descending the lee side of a mountain, you can expect it to become ___ with ___ relative humidity. 1 pts Question 17 A forested valley An alpine (no trees) ridgeline Which of these locations is likely to be most wind exposed? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 11 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take A forested slope An alpine (no trees) valley 1 pts Question 18 A forested valley An alpine (no trees) valley A forested slope An alpine (no trees) ridgeline You’re planning to camp overnight on a ski tour, but are concerned about winds with an incoming storm. What would be the best location to camp to avoid strong winds? 1 pts Question 19 -4°C 3°C 0°C -8°C 6°C Which one of the following temperatures is outside of the typical range of skiing temperatures, and would be considered unusually hot or cold? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 12 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 20 B A C D Which of these surface wind maps most closely resembles arctic outbreak outflow winds? Darker vectors are higher wind speeds, and the triangle areas outline coast inlet/valleys. Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 13 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 21 south southwest northwest north Large-scale winds are blowing from the southwest over a north-south oriented valley, as indicated in the figure. Which direction would you expect the channelled winds within the valley to be FROM? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 14 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take west 1 pts Question 22 69 - 50 99 - 93 79 - 70 92 - 80 103 - 100 The typical elevation range for skiing in the southern Coast Mountains of BC is about 700 to 2000 metres above sea level, which roughly corresponds to a pressure range of ________ kPa. 1 pts Question 23 2300 m 2000 m 1700 m You like to ski in the winter, and climb mountains in the summer. On May 15 you decide to climb Mt. Fairweather, the highest mountain in British Columbia. Mt. Fairweather is in northwest BC on the border between BC and Alaska, and is 4671 m high. You are currently at basecamp at 900 m elevation. You have a current 70.0 kPa weather chart which shows the temperature at Mt. Fairweather is -10 ⁰ C at 70.0 kPa. It is raining at basecamp. As you climb up the mountain, at what elevation can you expect the rain to turn to snow? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 15 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1400 m 1100 m 1 pts Question 24 the volume of ice and water per unit mass. the volume of ice per unit volume of water. the weight of ice in water. the mass of ice and water per unit volume. the weight of snow. Snow density is defined as 1 pts Question 25 It is usually unstable and difficult to ski in It is usually unstable but fun to ski in It is easier to find It is usually stable and more fun to ski in Even though it is less fun it is usually stable Why do skiers prefer to ski in right-side-up snow over upside-down snow? Select one BEST answer. Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 16 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take 1 pts Question 26 Horizontal; because ski runs cover a large horizontal distance Horizontal; because trees are warmer than rocks Vertical; because there is often a temperature difference between the ground beneath the snowpack and the atmosphere above it Vertical; because ski runs cover a large vertical distance There is no temperature gradient in the snowpack In which direction is the temperature gradient usually strongest in the snowpack, and why? Select one BEST answer. 1 pts Question 27 Rain crust Weakly-bonded Strongly-bonded Wind slab Sun crust In which kind of snow layer is it normal to find faceted crystals within the snowpack? Select ONE answer. 1 pts Question 28 Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382 Z

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 17 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Canadian snow climate continental snow climate alpine snow climate coastal snow climate transitional snow climate Which snow climate typically has the highest avalanche hazard? 1 pts Question 29 Snow that falls on top will be weakly bonded to the snowpack beneath over a widespread area Skiers prefer to ski directly on surface hoar and they act as a trigger Subsequent snowfall causes the surface hoar to melt adding extra load to the snowpack Surface hoar is heavy and creates extra loading on the snowpack Snow that falls on top will be strongly bonded to the snowpack beneath causing the slab to slide Sometimes surface hoar eventually leads to a slab avalanche. Why? Select one BEST answer. 1 pts Question 30 made up of snow that is not well-bonded There are two main types of avalanches: loose-snow avalanches and slab avalanches. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of loose-snow avalanches? Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382 =

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 18 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take occurs when a cohesive layer fractures into a block and slides downhill does not usually do any major structural damage begins at a single point and fan out in an inverted “V” pattern does not usually completely bury people, although it is possible 1 pts Question 31 What name is given to the snow crystal in the picture? Select ONE answer. Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 19 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Stellar dendrite Diamond dust Graupel Needle Column Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

2020-03-13, 1(32 PM Quiz: Snow Weather Midterm - 2020 Page 20 of 20 https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/34984/quizzes/163144/take Quiz saved at 1:31pm 1 pts Question 32 Steep; icy Safe; durable Near the bottom of the mountain; not steep Long; mogully Near the top of the mountain; short Fill in the blanks by selecting ONE best answer. Mountain operators and recreational skiers mostly prefer ski pistes that are ___ and ___. 1 pts Question 33 No precipitation for a few days; high ski traffic No precipitation for a few days; no ski traffic New snow in the past few days; moderate ski traffic Air temperatures above freezing; low ski traffic New snow in the past 24 hours; lower ski traffic Which conditions would you expect to lead to hard-packed ski pistes within a ski resort? Select one BEST answer. Submit Quiz Downloaded by hana kunihiro (hana.k.3452g@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36610382

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