ECON308_1030

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University of Delaware *

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308

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Finance

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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4

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Computing the Price of Common Stock ______________________________________________________________________________ Common stock is the principal medium through which corporations raise equity capital. Stockholders , those who hold stock in a corporation, own an interest in the corporation equal to the percentage of outstanding shares they own. Dividends are payments made periodically (usually every quarter) to shareholders. We can estimate a simple value of stock called the One-Period Valuation Model . You buy a stock, hold it for one period to get a dividend, then sell the stock back. One-Period Valuation Model ______________________________________________________________________________ You buy a stock, hold it for one period to get a dividend, then sell the stock back. P0 = the value of the stock Div1 = the dividend paid at the end of year 1 Ke = the required return on investment in equity P1 = the (estimated) sale price of the stock at the end of the first period Example: Suppose you find that inter stock is currently selling for $50 a share and pays $0.16 a year in dividends. Your analyst estimates the stock will sell for $60 next year. If you decide that you would be satisfied with a 12% return on investment P(ke=0.12), should you buy the stock for the current $50 price? ______________________________________________________________________________
Additional Example Actual Data: Suppose you went online and saw that Texas instruments inc. (TXN) is currently selling for $140. Each share pays approximately $5.20 in dividends each year. Judging on the trends in stock price, you think that the TXN stocks will sell for $150 next year. If you decide that you would be satisfied with a 10% return on investment, should you buy the stock for the current price? ______________________________________________________________________________ Generalized Dividend Valuation ______________________________________________________________________________ We previously saw a simplified model where you only hold onto a stock for a single period before selling it. However, many times stockholders keep their stocks for many periods of time. We can extend our one-period valuation model to include multiple periods. Note: this equation is similar to discounting future values from chapter 4! This is called the Generalized Dividend Valuation Model. ______________________________________________________________________________
How the Market Sets Stock Prices An example: Car Auctions ______________________________________________________________________________ Suppose you are at an automobile auction. The cars are available for inspection before the auction begins. You find a used Tesla Model 3 that you are interested in. When testing it, however, you hear some concerning noses . You still like and want the car though. You decide that you are willing to pay $20,000 for the car. This would allow you to make necessary repairs without going too far over budget. Your friend, Antoine, knows more about Tesla cars and can tell that the sounds are just from a worn brake pad and are relatively cheap to replace. You decide that you are willing to pay $20,000 for the car. This would allow you to make necessary repairs without going too far over budget. Antoine decides that he is willing to pay $22,000 for the car. ______________________________________________________________________________ The auctioneer begins at $15,000 and increases bids in $1,000 steps. How much will the Tesla sell for? The car will sell for $21,000 to Antoine. The price of an asset is set by the two people willing to pay the MOST for it (and the difference between them). How the Market Sets Stock Prices ______________________________________________________________________________ The price is set by the buyer willing to pay the highest price, compared to the second highest buyer. Information is important! Superior information about an asset can increase its value by reducing its perceived risk. When new information is released about. Affirm, expectations and prices change. Market participants constantly receive information and revise their expectations, so stock prices change frequently.
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