Star River
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Case 25: Star River Electronics Ltd.
Executive Summary
Ms. Adeline Koh,
The following is a summary of the conclusions I’ve drawn based on the analysis you asked for
by 7am this morning.
Financial Health
While revenues and operating profits continue to grow, operating margins, interest expense, and
short-term debts are hamstringing our bottom line. Operational inefficiencies, specifically on the
production side, are largely to blame. We continue to take on short-term debt—a line item that
has tripled from 2012 to 2015—to fund our operations, but with our outmoded packaging
equipment and our current debt service, we simply cannot profitably produce our product in the
long term. Additionally, our Days Payable Outstanding and Days Sales Outstanding are
completely reversed at 91.3 and 133.4. My recommendation centers on securing a capital
injection from New Era Partners, paying down our debts, bringing our AR and AP back into
balance, and increasing operational efficiency through the purchase of a new packaging machine,
which I’ll discuss in more detail later.
Financial Forecast
My forecast confirms the troubling trend we saw in the historical financials—Star River is
headed in the wrong direction. Sales are projected to grow at a modest 4% over the next two
years, but production costs and expenses—most notably a capital expenditure of SGD54.6
million for DVD and Blu-ray manufacturing equipment—undermine our profitability. Operating
profits are projected to decline from 16,604MM in 2015 to 14,517MM in 2016, and finally to
11,808MM in 2017. Additionally, ROA and ROE predictably suffer in years 2016 and 2017,
signaling further inefficiencies in how Star River utilizes its assets and equity to generate profit.
Given the continuation of the trend I already uncovered in my initial analysis of Star River’s
financial health, my recommendations remain the same.
New Packaging Machine
As mentioned in the above, I believe the purchase of new packaging equipment can greatly
increase our operational efficiency and thus our profitability in the long-term. To better
1
understand whether it was an efficient use of our capital in the short-term, however—especially
in light of the challenges we face in servicing our debt—I first completed a cash flow analysis.
Using the average WACC of two comparable firms, Wintronics Inc. and STOR-Max Corp., I
calculated Star River’s WACC to be 10.056%. I then used that value as my discount rate to
determine the NPV of purchasing the equipment now versus 3 years from now. Additional
factors included projected inflation, labor cost, maintenance contracts, and the possibility of
higher labor turnover due to increases in overtime as a result of poor production efficiencies.
Ultimately, the NPV for waiting three years was higher, and in light of all the aforementioned
factors, my recommendation is to wait.
Conclusion
Star River is not in good financial shape, but with an injection of capital from New Era Partners,
a drastic reduction in debt and interest expenses, a reversal of the imbalance between AR and AP,
some adjustment to our operational efficiencies, and the eventual purchase of new packaging
equipment, I believe we can plot a newer more profitable course for the company under your
leadership.
2
Financial Health of Star River Electronics Ltd.
Ms. Adeline Koh,
As per your request, I’ve reviewed the financial health of Star River Electronics Ltd. and
provided my analysis below.
General
Despite the decline in physical media, top line sales are actually strong, with revenues growing
from 71,924MM in 2012 to 106,042MM in 2015. Expectations are for this growth to continue at
4% for the next two years, driven in large part by Blu-ray sales to developing countries.
Operating profit continues to grow as well, though modestly, from 13,412MM in 2012 to
16,604MM in 2015. That is, however, where the good news ends I’m afraid.
Profitability
While operating profits are indeed increasing, operating margins have decreased from 18.6% in
2012 to 15.7% in 2015, mostly due to rising production costs and expenses relative to net sales.
In 2012, production costs and expenses accounted for 46.8% of net sales, whereas in 2015 they
accounted for 50.4%. I believe this is due to a lack of operational efficiency, which is validated
by a quick look at Star River’s ROS declining from 10.4% in 2012 to 6.4% in 2015. ROE tells a
similar story with declines from 21.8% to 13.6%. Star River is simply not generating its profits
efficiently. Unsurprisingly, ROA also declined from 6.8% to 3.7% in the same period.
My recommendation is to streamline production by whatever means necessary to better make use
of existing assets. This is one of the few levers we have complete control over, and would not
only bring our ROA back in line, but would also help nudge our ROS back in the right direction.
I would also suggest reining in our debt, which should improve our ROE, but I’ll cover this in
more detail in the following section.
Leverage
Debt and debt service are our two greatest challenges. Short-term borrowing nearly tripled from
29,002MM in 2012 to 82,275MM in 2015. Long-term debt nearly doubled from 10,000MM to
18,200MM. As you might expect, our debt/equity, debt/total capital, and EBIT/Interest ratios
have all suffered at 1.13 to 2.02, 0.53 to 0.67, and 3.85 to 2.18. We’ve taken on too much debt,
and our struggle to service it—which is most easily seen in the decline in our interest coverage
ratio (i.e. 3.85 to 2.18)—is affecting both our short-term profitability and the long-term risk of
investing in our firm.
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3
Streamlining production should help reduce the need for further debt, but given the exponential
requirement for capital to continue to operate, we won’t be able to solve this problem through
operational efficiency alone. We need to consider alternate methods of securing capital including
an additional stock offering or the sale of equity in the company. At our current rate, our debt
will eventually consume us until we can no longer service it. Action must be taken.
Asset Utilization:
Assets Turnover and Assets Growth Rate Ratios both point to poor efficiency, but our time is
limited so I’d like to focus on the glaringly obvious issues of AR, AP, and Inventory. Days Sales
Outstanding versus Days Payable Outstanding has gone from 112.4 and 133.4 to 122.1 and 91.3.
For a company who is struggling to service its debt, this is backwards. Additionally, days
inventory outstanding has increased from 252.3 to 435.6. That means we’re currently sitting on
over a year’s worth of inventory!
I would recommend to notify vendors that AP will be moving back to the 133-140 days range
and AR will be expecting payment within 90 days to avoid a 10% late fee. As for inventory, we
should reduce production until inventories are back in line with the 252 day figure.
Liquidity:
In light of our mounting debts and capital expenditures on inventory, it should come as no
surprise that our Quick Ratio is an abysmal .35, suggesting that for every dollar in assets we only
have .35 to service our short-term debts. As suggested in the above, we need to get our debt and
inventories under control.
Final Recommendation:
To summarize, we can drastically improve the performance of the company by streamlining
production; raising capital through either an additional stock offering or the sale of equity in the
company; reducing inventory by roughly 40%; and gaining better control over the balance
between AR and AP.
Financial Forecasts
Based on the financial assumptions given, Star River. expects sales to
grow by 4%.
Consequently, we can forecast that in 2016 the company will have $110,284 in sales, and in 2017
sales are projected at $114,695. While sales increase, we can also forecast Production and Admin
Expenses to increase. And considering depreciation expenses for new equipment, Total
Operating Expenses increase significantly resulting in a decrease in Operating Profit after 2015.
4
Since interest expense is also affected by current loans and new equipment, I believe Net
Earnings are also significantly lower. With the firm still producing positive net earnings there is
no need for external financing, however, in the worst case scenario, if sales do not reach a 4%
increase, the firm may be at risk of not paying its loan within a reasonable period.
ROE for 2016 is projected at 9.1% resulting in a 4.5% drop from 2015 showcasing that the firm
has not utilized its capital investments efficiently. In 2017, ROE continues to decrease resulting
in a projection of 4.1%, further demonstrating poor efficiency of shareholders’ equity. Looking at
ROA, projections continue to gradually decrease in 2016 and 2017. Thus, I can infer that Star
River is not generating enough net income to cover its assets, especially with the new investment
of equipment. Therefore, based on financial assumptions and forecasts, Star River would be at
the risk of further investments from shareholders and paying off its debts within a reasonable
period of time.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
As part of this analysis I also calculated the weighted average cost of capital of Star River using
comparable firms: Wintronics, Inc, and STOR-Max Corp. Based on Exhibit 5: Data on
Comparable Companies, I was able to calculate Wintronics, Inc.’s WACC to be 9.524% and
STOR-Max Corp.’s WACC to be 10.588%. Therefore, taking the average I concluded Star
River’s weighted average cost of capital to be 10.056% as seen in our Excel attachment.
Analysis of Packaging Equipment Investment
The decision to invest in a new machine involves a careful examination of cash flows associated
with two alternatives. In this case, two options are presented: Option 1, purchasing the machine
now, while Option 2 involves purchasing the machine in three years. The primary difference in
cash flows between these alternatives is based on the timing of the machine purchased and the
costs incurred. Option 1 presents a scenario where the machine is acquired immediately,
resulting in substantial upfront costs. The cash flows in the earlier years are negative, reflecting
the significant investment in labor, maintenance, and depreciation. However, as time progresses,
Option 1 generates positive cash flows, driven by the benefits of depreciation and the machine's
productive capacity.
Option 2 defers the significant upfront costs by delaying the machine purchase for three years.
This decision leads to lower negative cash flows initially. However, as the machine comes into
operation, Option 2 incurs higher costs in later years, including increased maintenance and labor
5
expenses. Additionally, the delayed depreciation benefits contribute to higher costs during this
period. The analysis spans the years 2015 to 2029. This time frame allows for a thorough
understanding of the long-term consequences and benefits associated with each option. The time
frame is extended to capture the full lifecycle of the machine, providing insights into its impact
on cash flows over an extended period. Based on our analysis we feel that waiting three years to
buy the equipment would be the best option for cost savings.
Action Plan
We have two distinct areas of priority: Financing Needs and the New Packaging Machine.
Financing Needs
Debt:
Based on my analysis, I believe the extension of our existing loan would do little more than
prolong our predicament. As you can see in the attached forecast, our operational profit is being
hamstrung by growing production costs and expenses along with increasing admin and selling
expenses relative to our modest top line sales growth.
Our situation is made worse by the crippling rise in interest expense associated with our
exponentially growing short term debt.
Operational Efficiency:
This is happening in large part because while our net sales continue their modest growth of 4%
per year, our operational expenses are outpacing them. Much of this can be attributed to our lack
of operational efficiency, specifically on the production side. There will be capital expenditures
of SGD 54.6 million for DVD and Blu-ray manufacturing equipment in the next two years to
address this issue, but even that won’t provide us with the efficiencies necessary to bring our
operating profit back in line. I’m afraid the banker is right—we’re growing beyond our financial
capabilities.
Outside Capital:
For that reason, I suggest we approach New Era Partners for an injection of equity. We simply
cannot afford to take on additional debt. We can barely service the debt we have now. Selling
equity in Star River to New Era Partners will give us the valuable capital we need to pay down
our existing debts while also allowing us the time to restructure the company such that
operational efficiency and profitability are brought back into line.
New Packaging Machine
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6
One of the ways we can do this is through the purchase of a new packaging machine. As I
mentioned previously, inefficiencies in production have hamstrung our operating profit. This new
machine could solve that. Included in this document is a cash flow analysis I performed to see
whether we would benefit from purchasing this machine now or later. The results indicated a
higher NPV if we waited three years, so that is my suggestion.
Conclusion
In summary, I believe our debt and poor operational efficiency are the two largest impediments
to our success. I suggest we seek a capital injection from New Era Partners to pay down our
debts, reduce our interest expense, and increase our profitability over the next three years. In that
time we can make small changes to increase our operational efficiency, but at the end of those
three years we’ll need to purchase a new packaging machine to ensure continued profitability
into the future.
7
Appendix
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/177FKofi6PJR3znkxmzbXOYntXl7yZoHJ/edit?usp=dri
vesdk&ouid=109612439736685181322&rtpof=true&sd=true
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17CT7gDFG_TRA1yGy_Q0GQG1dMwIT9JQg/edit?us
p=drivesdk&ouid=109612439736685181322&rtpof=true&sd=true
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- The cloudy afternoon mirrored the mood of the conference of division managers. Claude Meyer, assistant to thecontroller for Hunt Manufacturing, wore one of the gloomy faces that were just emerging from the conferenceroom. “Wow, I knew it was bad, but not that bad,” Claude thought to himself. “I don’t look forward to sharingthose numbers with shareholders.”The numbers he discussed with himself were fourth-quarter losses which more than offset the profits of the firstthree quarters. Everyone had known for some time that poor sales forecasts and production delays had wreakedhavoc on the bottom line, but most were caught off guard by the severity of damage.Later that night he sat alone in his office, scanning and rescanning the preliminary financial statements on hiscomputer monitor. Suddenly his mood brightened. “This may work,” he said aloud, though no one could hear.Fifteen minutes later he congratulated himself, “Yes!”The next day he eagerly explained his plan to Susan Barr, controller…arrow_forwardf In addition to the risk factor identified in the preceding question, another risk factor relating to misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting is: Multiple Choice Earnings this year are lower than management had hoped. Accounts payable are limited to commercial suppliers. Sales are made to residential, commercial, and governmental purchasers. The industry faces great technological changes in almost all of its products. Untitled docume...pdf Untitled docume....pdf docx Presentation se...pdf Untitled docume...pdf MacBook Airarrow_forwardThe cloudy afternoon mirrored the mood of the conference of division managers. Claude Meyer, assistant to the controller for Hunt Manufacturing, wore one of the gloomy faces that were just emerging from the conference room. “Wow, I knew it was bad, but not that bad,” Claude thought to himself. “I don’t look forward to sharing those numbers with shareholders.” The numbers he discussed with himself were 4Q losses which more than offset the profits of the first three quarters. Everyone had known for some time that poor sales forecast and production delays had wreaked havoc on the bottom line, but most were caught off guard by the severity of the damage. Later that night he sat alone in his office, scanning the preliminary financial statements on this computer. Claude developed a plan and the next day he eagerly explained it to Susan Barr, the controller of Hunt. The plan involved $300 million in convertible bonds issued three years earlier. Meyer: By swapping stock for the bonds, we can…arrow_forward
- 9arrow_forwardJames Madison was brought in as assistant to Computron’s chairman, who had the task of getting the company back into a sound financial position. Madison must prepare an analysis of where the company is now, what it must do to regain its financial health, and what actions to take. Your assignment is to help her answer the following questions, using the recent and projected financial information shown next. Provide clear explanations, not yes or no answers. Calculate the inventory turnover, days sales outstanding (DSO), fixed assets turnover, operating capital requirement, and total assets turnover. How does Computron's utilization of assets stack up against other firms in its industry?arrow_forward#6 Issue: Reed Kohler is in his final year of employment as controller for Quality Sales Corporation; he hopes to retire next year. As a member of top management, Kohler participates in an attractive company bonus plan. The overall size of the bonus is a function of the firm’s net income before bonus and income taxes—the larger the net income, the larger the bonus. Due to a slowdown in the economy, Quality Sales Corporation has encountered difficulties in managing its cash flow. To improve its cash flow by reducing cash payments for income taxes, the firm’s auditors have recommended that the company change its inventory costing method from FIFO to LIFO. This change would cause a significant increase in the cost of goods sold for the year. Kohler believes the firm should not switch to LIFO this year because its inventory quantities are too large. He believes that the firm should work to reduce its inventory quantities and then switch to LIFO (the switch could be made in a year or…arrow_forward
- 3. CONTEXT In 2019 Wal-Mart employed over 1.7 million employees in the U.S. and, in its annual report, recorded an employee turnover rate of about sixty percent. Although Wal-Mart has since made some efforts to improve employee retention, the situation remains substantially unchanged and, more importantly, the underlying principle is still very pertinent. In fact, Amazon actually pays employees who have, (often legitimate) grievances to quit. 4. THE CASE Given the vast number of employees, enormous expense in terms of rehiring and training is to be expected. For purposes of this exercise we presume that employee training pay is above the federal minimum and, more or less the average of state minimums, or about $6.50. We estimate that training time is three and half work weeks of thirty-six and half hours. Since Wal-Mart has about 1.7 million employees, a 60% turnover means hiring and training about a million new people every year. In addition to the cost of the trainee we must add the…arrow_forward4. Assume that you will be up for a promotion next month and you'd like to impress your boss with your data analytic skills. The company you work for normally books the current month's bad debit for the same amount as the prior month's actual accounts receivable write-offs. Using general accounting knowledge, explain why this process is not the best method. 5. Briefly describe Benford's Law. Draw a graph that exemplifies data which conforms to Benford's Law (i.e., what it should look like). And, briefly describe how auditors could utilize Benford's Law while conducting testwork.arrow_forwardABC Corporation is a mid-sized manufacturing company that has been in operation for over 20 years. The company's financial performance has seen significant fluctuations due to market conditions, technological advancements, and changes in management strategy. Recently, ABC Corporation released its annual report, which includes a section on Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). Required: Based on the case study of ABC Corporation, critically analyze the role and usefulness of the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section in understanding the company's financial performance and strategic direction. Provide specific examples from the MD&A section to support your analysis.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 26 Which situation here might indicate a company has a low quality of earnings? The same accounting principles are used each year. Revenue is recorded when recognized Repair costs are capitalized and then depreciated. The financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.arrow_forward11.3 Hau Lee Furniture, Inc., described in Example 1 of this chapter, finds its current profit of $10,000 inadequate. The bank is insisting on an improved profit picture prior to approval of a loan for some new equipment. Hau would like to improve the profit line to $25,000 so he can obtain the bank’s approval for the loan. a) What percentage improvement is needed in the supply chain strategy for profit to improve to $25,000? What is the cost of material with a $25,000 profit? b) What percentage improvement is needed in the sales strategy for profit to improve to $25,000? What must sales be for profit to improve to $25,000? Please provide steps so that I can better understand how the answer is found.arrow_forwardHoward Rockness was worried. His company, Rockness Bottling, showed declining profits over the past several years despite an increase in revenues. With profits declining and revenues increasing, Rockness knew there must be a problem with costs. Rockness sent an e-mail to his executive team under the subject heading, “How do we get Rockness Bottling back on track?” Meeting in Rockness’s spacious office, the team began brainstorming solutions to the declining profits problem. Some members of the team wanted to add products. (These were marketing people.) Some wanted to fire the least efficient workers. (These were finance people.) Some wanted to empower the workers. (These people worked in the human resources department.) And some people wanted to install a new computer system. (It should be obvious who these people were.) Rockness listened patiently. When all participants had made their cases, Rockness said, “We made money when we were a smaller, simpler company. We have grown, added…arrow_forward
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