Saddambek Final Exam December 14, 2023

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William Paterson University *

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9783

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Finance

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Jan 9, 2024

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December 14, 2023 Final Exam You will have 90 minutes to complete The exam is open book/source Each question is worth 4 points 1. Describe the difference between tactical and strategic asset allocation Strategic asset allocation is a long-term, passive approach aimed at achieving consistent returns over time, while tactical asset allocation involves more active management and shorter-term adjustments to capitalize on market opportunities. 2. What is the difference between a primary market and secondary market? The primary market is where new securities are issued and sold for the first time, facilitating capital formation for companies. The secondary market is where existing securities are traded among investors, providing liquidity, and enabling price discovery for those securities. 3. What is an Investment Policy Statement (IPS)? An Investment Policy Statement (IPS) is a document that outlines the guidelines, objectives, and strategies that an individual investor, institution, or investment advisor will follow when making investment decisions. The purpose of an IPS is to provide a clear and comprehensive framework for managing investments, ensuring that the investment strategy aligns with the investor's or institution's goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. 4. What is the geometric mean of the following returns? 4%, 8%, 10%, -3%, 0, -5% ((1+0.04)×(1+0.08)×(1+0.10)×(1−0.03)×(1+0)×(1−0.05)) 1/6 −1
(1.04×1.08×1.10×0.97×1×0.95) 1/6 −1 (0.9969277) 1/6 −1 ≈0.01633 5. Writing an option is the same as selling an option True False 6. What are the three components of VAR-what does it describe? Value at Risk (VaR) describes the potential loss on an investment or portfolio over a specified time horizon with a certain level of confidence. The three key components, namely time horizon, confidence level, and potential loss amount, provide a quantitative measure of financial risk for risk management purposes. 7. What does the CAPM model determine? The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a financial model that is used to calculate the expected return on an investment, especially an individual stock or a portfolio of stocks. 8. Liquidity risk can be described as Liquidity risk refers to the potential difficulty of buying or selling an asset in the market without causing a significant impact on its price. It is the risk that an investor may not be able to execute a trade promptly at a desired price due to a lack of market participants willing to buy or sell the asset. 9. Arbitrage is a. Riskless profits b. Any profits c. Levered profits d. None of the above
10. What are three examples of Factors in APT model? Interest Rate Changes Economic Indicators: GDP, CPI etc… Market Risk (Market Index Returns): S&P 500 11.In order to determine the riskiness of a 2-asset portfolio, what three inputs are needed? Individual Asset Historical Returns Individual Asset Standard Deviations (or Variances) Correlation Coefficient Between Assets 12. Name three types of orders Market Order Limit Order Stop Order (Stop-Loss Order or Stop-Buy Order) 13. If a market maker shows a price of 37/35 then a. The market maker buys at 35 b. The market maker sells at 37 c. The market maker has made a mistake or is an idiot d. None of the above 14. What is the difference between a dirty price and a clean price? The key difference is that the clean price excludes accrued interest, while the dirty price includes it. The clean price is the base price used for quoting and trading, while the dirty price provides the actual cost that the buyer pays. 15. Name 4 important bond dates Issue Date Maturity Date
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Interest Payment Date Record Date 16. Everything else bring the same, what would have a higher modified duration – a 3 year fixed coupon note or a 3 year floating coupon note? Everything else being equal, the fixed coupon note is likely to have a higher modified duration compared to a floating coupon note with the same time to maturity. 17. What would be the return on a 3 month $1 million t-bill if the YTM is 6.0% and the bill is held for the entire 3 months? Remember to use day counts and the 3 month time period vs the annual yield number Interest= ($1,000,000 × 0.06 × 90 / 365) Interest≈$14,794.52 HPR = 14,794.52 / 1,000,000 = 0.0148 = 1.48% 18. How is SOFR determined? Transaction Data Collection: The New York Fed collects data on overnight repurchase agreement (repo) transactions from a broad set of market participants, including banks, broker-dealers, and other financial institutions. 19. In addition to SOFR, what is another reference rate? LIBOR Fed Funds Rate 20. If a 1 year zero coupon bond had a price of 92.35, what is its yield at one year?
YTM: -7.65% 21. What does convexity measure? Convexity measures the curvature of the price-yield relationship for fixed-income securities and provides valuable information for managing interest rate risk in bond portfolios. 22. What is the expected return of the following scenario? 1. Probability of event .20 Expected return .12 0.20 x 0.12 = 0.024 = 2.4% 2. Probability of event .30 Expected return .10 0.30 x 0.10 = 0.03 = 3% 3. Probability of event .35 Expected return .05 0.35 x 0.05 = 0.0175 = 1.75% 4. Probability of event .15 Expected return .01 0.15 x 0.01 = 0.0015 = 0.15% 23. If a 3 year note has a price of 102 and an annual coupon of 2%, what is its YTM? $4 or 4% 24. If a 10 year note has a YTM of 5.25% and an annual coupon of 4%, what is the price? F: $1000 YTM: 5.25%
C: 4% N: 10 years P= $975 25. Name 3 types of risks of fixed income Interest Rate Risk Inflation Risk Credit Risk (Default) Bonus (3 points): Who uses the fed funds rate and for what reason? It is the interest rate at which depository institutions (such as banks) lend reserve balances to each other overnight. Commercial banks and other financial institutions use the fed funds rate as a benchmark for setting interest rates on various financial products, including loans and deposit accounts. Investors, for example, a lower fed funds rate may lead to lower yields on fixed-income securities, influencing investment decisions. Additionally, changes in the fed funds rate can affect the valuation of stocks and other financial assets. Currency Markets, Global Central Banks.
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