Defined Benefit Plans For General Electronics Week Two
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Defined Benefit Plans For
General Electronics.
By: Jiten Pomal
University of Arizona Global Campus
Module FIN689: Advanced Financial Management and Analysis (MUL2341A)
Instructor: Susan Paris
Due Date: 10/23/2023
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General Electric, commonly known as GE, is a global conglomerate with a rich history spanning
over a century. Established in 1892 by Thomas Edison, the company has evolved into one of the
world's leading industrial giants, playing a pivotal role in shaping modern technology and
innovation. GE's diverse portfolio includes businesses in aviation, healthcare, renewable energy,
power, and more, making it a powerhouse in various sectors.
Over the years, GE has navigated through economic shifts, technological advancements, and
market challenges, demonstrating resilience and adaptability. This conglomerate is not only
known for its cutting-edge products and solutions but also for its significant contributions to
industrial and technological progress.
In this detailed analysis, we delve into GE's financial landscape, focusing on its pension plans,
cash flow dynamics, assumptions guiding financial decisions, and compliance with accounting
standards. By examining these critical aspects, we aim to provide a comprehensive
understanding of GE's financial health and strategic positioning in the global market.
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Determination of Compliance in GE Financial Reporting
According to the SEC.Gov, General Electric Company complies with U.S. Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) in its financial reporting. The statement explicitly mentions that
their consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Components of Ge’s defined benefit costs over 3 years With the table above let's break down the components of General Electric's defined benefit
costs using the provided table values over the latest 3 years (2021, 2022, and 2023) and
illustrate the trend in these costs.
Components of General Electric's Defined Benefit Costs:
Principal Pension Plans - GE Pension Plan:
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Service Cost for Benefits Earned:
This cost increased from $657 million in 2021 to $237
million in 2022 and then decreased to $221 million in 2023.
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligations:
It increased from $2,350 million in 2021 to $1,951
million in 2022 and then increased again to $2,069 million in 2023.
Expected Return on Plan Assets:
This decreased from $(2,993) million in 2021 to $(3,049)
million in 2022 and further decreased to $(3,142) million in 2023.
Net Actuarial Loss Amortization:
It decreased from $3,399 million in 2021 to $3,483 million
in 2022 and then decreased to $1,422 million in 2023.
Prior Service Cost Amortization:
This decreased from $146 million in 2021 to $28 million in
2022 and then increased slightly to $5 million in 2023.
Curtailment Loss:
There were no curtailment losses reported.
Non-Operating Costs:
These decreased from $2,902 million in 2021 to $2,413 million in 2022
and then increased to $354 million in 2023.
Benefit Plans Cost:
The total cost decreased from $3,559 million in 2021 to $2,650 million in
2022 and then further decreased to $575 million in 2023.
Other Pension Plans:
Service Cost for Benefits Earned
: It decreased from $243 million in 2021 to $233 million in
2022 and then increased to $86 million in 2023.
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Interest Cost on Benefit Obligations:
It increased from $422 million in 2021 to $383 million in
2022 and then further increased to $398 million in 2023.
Expected Return on Plan Assets:
This decreased from $(1,082) million in 2021 to $(1,194)
million in 2022 and further decreased to $(967) million in 2023.
Net Actuarial Loss Amortization:
It increased from $434 million in 2021 to $403 million in
2022 and then further increased to $101 million in 2023.
Prior Service Cost Amortization
: It increased from $1 million in 2021 to $3 million in 2022
and then further increased to $(8) million in 2023.
Curtailment Loss:
It increased from $12 million in 2021 to $76 million in 2022 and then further
decreased to $(6) million in 2023.
Non-Operating Costs:
These decreased from $(213) million in 2021 to $(335) million in 2022
and then increased to $(482) million in 2023.
Benefit Plans Cost:
The total cost increased from $30 million in 2021 to $(102) million in 2022
and then further decreased to $(396) million in 2023.
Principal Retiree Benefit Plans:
Service Cost for Benefits Earned:
It decreased from $59 million in 2021 to $44 million in 2022
and then increased to $39 million in 2023.
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligations: It increased from $150 million in 2021 to $103 million in
2022 and then further increased to $108 million in 2023.
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Expected Return on Plan Assets:
It decreased from $(11) million in 2021 to $0 million in 2022
and remained at $0 million in 2023.
Net Actuarial Loss Amortization: It increased from $(82) million in 2021 to $(79) million in
2022 and then further increased to $(115) million in 2023.
Prior Service Cost Amortization: It remained stable at $(234) million across the three years.
Curtailment Loss: There were no curtailment losses reported.
Non-Operating Costs: These decreased from $(177) million in 2021 to $(212) million in 2022
and then increased to $(242) million in 2023.
Benefit Plans Cost: The total cost decreased from $(118) million in 2021 to $(168) million in
2022 and then further decreased to $(203) million in 2023.
Critique of Pension Plan Cash Flow Impact: Analysis of the Last 3 Years Analyzing the cash flow (Appendix 2) impact of the pension plan for each of the last three years (2020, 2021, and 2022) provides insights into how General Electric's pension activities have affected its liquidity. Let's break down the impact:
2020:
Principal Pension Plans Cost:
General Electric had a significant pension cost of $3,559
million in 2020. This represented a substantial outflow of cash related to the company's
6 | P a g e
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pension obligations. The high cost indicates a financial strain on the company due to
pension-related expenses.
2021:
Principal Pension Plans Cost:
The pension cost decreased to $2,650 million in 2021,
indicating a reduction in the cash outflow related to pension obligations compared to the
previous year. This reduction could be due to various factors, such as changes in actuarial
assumptions, adjustments in the pension plan structure, or improved investment performance.
2022:
Principal Pension Plans Cost: The pension cost further decreased to $575 million in 2022.
This substantial reduction in pension-related cash outflows indicates that General Electric
implemented significant changes, possibly including benefit restructuring, improved
investment strategies, or other measures to manage pension obligations more efficiently.
Overall Analysis:
Positive Trend:
The trend shows a positive direction in managing pension-related cash
outflows. General Electric significantly reduced its pension plan costs over the three
years, which is a positive indicator of effective financial management and strategic
decision-making.
7 | P a g e
Improved Liquidity:
The reduction in pension costs likely contributed to improved
liquidity. By decreasing the cash outflows related to pensions, General Electric had more
funds available for other operational and strategic needs, contributing to enhanced
financial flexibility.
Potential Challenges:
While the reduction in pension costs is positive, it's essential to
consider the potential challenges associated with pension obligations. Long-term
sustainability and meeting future pension commitments should remain a priority.
Companies need to balance cost reduction with ensuring the financial health of their
pension plans for the long term.
Investor Confidence:
General Electric's ability to manage pension costs efficiently could
instill confidence among investors, indicating the company's commitment to financial
prudence and optimizing cash flow for business growth and shareholder value.
Assumptions Analysis
2022:
Operating Activities:
The pension plan negatively impacted operating cash flows by
$575 million, reflecting the principal pension plans' cost.
Investing Activities:
There is no direct impact mentioned in the context of the pension
plan for investing activities.
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Financing Activities:
In financing activities, there is no specific item related to the
pension plan, suggesting no direct impact on financing cash flows.
Overall Impact: The pension plan had a negative impact on operating cash flow due to
its cost.
2021:
Operating Activities:
The pension plan again had a negative impact of $2,650 million on
operating cash flows, reflecting its principal pension plans' cost.
Investing Activities:
There is no direct impact mentioned in the context of the pension plan for investing activities.
Financing Activities:
Similarly, there is no specific item related to the pension plan in financing activities, indicating no direct impact on financing cash flows.
Overall Impact:
The pension plan significantly reduced operating cash flow due to its substantial cost.
2020:
Operating Activities:
The pension plan negatively impacted operating cash flows by $3,559 million, reflecting the principal pension plans' cost.
Investing Activities:
There is no direct impact mentioned in the context of the pension plan for investing activities.
9 | P a g e
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Financing Activities:
There is no specific item related to the pension plan in financing activities, indicating no direct impact on financing cash flows.
The pension plan had a consistent negative impact on operating cash flows over the three years, reducing the available cash generated from the company's core operations. There is no direct impact noted in investing or financing activities related to the pension plan.The consistent negative impact on operating cash flows suggests that managing pension obligations might be a challenge for the company, impacting its liquidity and available funds for other investments or distributions.
Changes In Assumptions Over The 3-Year Period.
As per the POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS - Cost of Benefits Plans and Assumptions as
per the Appendix One. The changes in assumptions over the 3-year period and their impact on
the reporting of the pension plan obligations for the Principal Pension Plans, Other Pension
Plans, and Principal Retiree Benefit Plans.
Principal Pension Plans:
1.
Expected Rate of Return on Plan Assets:
2020:
6%
2021:
6.25%
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ROR
2020
2021
2022
2022:
7%
The increase in the expected rate of return on plan assets suggests higher anticipated returns
on investments. This change might have positively impacted the plan's funded status,
possibly reducing the net pension liability and periodic cost for the company.
2.
Discount Rate:
2020: 1.44%
2021: 1.93%
2022: 4.59%
The substantial increase in the discount rate in 2022 likely reduced the present value of
pension obligations. As a result, it may have reduced the net pension liability and periodic
cost for the company.
3.
Expected Rate of Return on Plan Assets:
2020:
6.10%
2021:
5.69%
2022:
4.80%
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Discount Rate 2020
2021
2022
Expected ROR
2020
2021
2022
Impact:
The decrease in the expected rate of return on plan assets suggests a more
conservative investment approach. This change might have increased the reported pension
liability and periodic cost for the company due to lower anticipated returns.
Principal Retiree Benefit Plans:
2020:
2.15%
2021:
2.64%
2022:
5.43%
The increase in the discount rate in 2022 likely reduced the present value of retiree benefit
obligations. This change probably decreased the net liability and periodic cost for the retiree
benefit plans.
Overall Impact:
Whenever the discount rate increased, it generally led to a reduction in reported pension liabilities and periodic costs. A decrease in the expected rate of return generally increased reported pension liabilities and periodic costs.
Analysis of Expected Rate of Return on Plan Assets: Evaluating Alignment with
Targeted Asset Allocation
The decrease in the expected rate of return on plan assets indicates a conservative investment
strategy. Typically, pension plans invest in a mix of assets such as equities, fixed income
12 | P a g e
Benefit Plan 2020
2021
2022
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securities, and alternative investments. The expected rate of return reflects the average annual
return the plan's investments are anticipated to generate over the long term.
Given the trend of decreasing expected rates of return, it seems that the plan administrators
have taken a more conservative approach to investment. There could be several reasons for
this conservative strategy:
Risk Mitigation:
A more conservative approach reduces the risk of significant losses,
especially in times of economic uncertainty or market downturns.
Liability Management:
By being conservative, the plan can better match its assets to its
liabilities. This is crucial for meeting future pension obligations without relying
excessively on high investment returns.
Market Conditions:
Economic conditions and market volatility might have influenced the decision to adopt a more conservative investment stance.
Changing Demographics:
If the plan's demographics have shifted (e.g., an aging workforce), a more conservative approach might be taken to ensure the fund's stability.
While a conservative approach is prudent in managing risks, it's also important for the plan's
expected rate of return to align with the plan's targeted asset allocation.
Net Underfunded Pension Liability To GE’s Current Market Equity And Total
Debt.
13 | P a g e
N
et Underfunded Pension Liability (Dec. 31, 2023): $2,010 million
Total Debt (Dec. 31, 2023): $187,788 million
Current Market Equity (Dec. 31, 2023): $106.69 million
calculating the ratio of the net underfunded pension liability to both total debt and current market
equity for the year 2023:
Net Underfunded Pension Liability to Total Debt Ratio (2023) =187,7882,010×100% =1.07%
Net Underfunded Pension Liability to Market Equity Ratio (2023) =2,010106.69×100% = 1.88%
Net Underfunded Pension Liability represents approximately 1.07% of Total Debt.
Net Underfunded Pension Liability represents approximately 1.88% of Current Market Equity.
With these ratios, we can see that the net underfunded pension liability is relatively small
compared to both total debt and current market equity. A net underfunded pension liability of
around 1.07% of total debt and 1.88% of market equity suggests that the pension liability is
manageable in relation to the company's debt and market value.
Estimated amount of annual cash flow the company would have to contribute to the
plan if the company wanted to fully fund the plan by the end of 15 years.
14 | P a g e
To estimate the amount of annual cash, flow the company would have to contribute to fully fund
the plan over 15 years, we need to consider the net underfunded pension liability ($2,010
million) and divide it by 15 to get the annual contribution required for full funding.
this annual contribution to the company's operating cash flow and capital expenditures from each
of the past 3 years:
2022
2021
2020
Operating Cash Flow
$5,916 million
$3,332 million
$3,568 million
Capital Expenditures
$1,484 million
$1,361 million
$1,730 million
Comparing the annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) to the company's operating
cash flow and capital expenditures:
Operating Cash Flow:
2022
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 2.26% of the 2022
operating cash flow ($5,916 million).
2021
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 4.02% of the 2021
operating cash flow ($3,332 million).
15 | P a g e
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2020
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 3.76% of the 2020
operating cash flow ($3,568 million).
16 | P a g e
Capital Expenditures:
2022
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 9.03% of the 2022
capital expenditures ($1,484 million).
2021
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 9.85% of the 2021
capital expenditures ($1,361 million).
2020
: The annual contribution for full funding ($134 million) is approximately 7.75% of the 2020
capital expenditures ($1,730 million).
Based on these comparisons, the annual contribution required for full funding of the pension plan
is a relatively small percentage of the company's operating cash flow and capital expenditures in
each of the past 3 years. The Role Of The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC).
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a federal agency in the United States that
was created under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). The PBGC
serves as a safety net for participants in private-sector defined benefit pension plans. Its primary
role is to protect the retirement incomes of workers and retirees in these plans in case their
employers' pension plans fail or become unable to meet their obligations.
17 | P a g e
Here are the key roles and functions of the PBGC:
1. Pension Plan Insurance:
The PBGC provides insurance for private defined benefit pension plans. Employers pay premiums to
the PBGC to insure their plans. If a covered pension plan fails, the PBGC steps in to pay pension
benefits to participants up to a certain limit defined by law.
2. Pension Plan Takeover:
When a company's pension plan is underfunded and the company faces financial distress, the PBGC
may take over the administration of the plan. By taking over the plan, PBGC ensures that retirees
and workers still receive their promised pension benefits, even if the company cannot fulfill its
obligations.
3. Benefit Guarantees:
PBGC guarantees basic pension benefits, such as normal and early retirement benefits, disability
benefits, and certain survivor benefits, within the limits set by law. The guarantees are subject to
maximum limits that are adjusted annually. These limits protect participants from losing all of their
pension benefits in case of plan failure.
18 | P a g e
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The Impact The Failure Of This Pension Plan Would Have On The PBGC As Well As
The Participants In The Plan.
The failure of a significant pension plan would have several significant impacts on both the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and the participants in the plan:
Impact on PBGC:
Financial Strain: A large-scale pension plan failure would place a significant financial burden on the
PBGC. The PBGC's obligations to cover the guaranteed benefits of the plan participants would
increase substantially, potentially straining its financial resources.
Increased Deficit: The PBGC might face a widening deficit if it has to pay more in guaranteed
benefits than it receives in premiums from other pension plans. This deficit could impact its ability
to cover future pension plan failures effectively.
Premium Adjustments: To cope with increased financial pressure, the PBGC might need to raise
premiums on other covered pension plans. This increase in premiums could, in turn, burden
employers, potentially leading to reduced pension offerings or increased financial strain on
businesses.
19 | P a g e
Impact on Participants:
Benefit Reductions: While the PBGC guarantees certain benefits, these guaranteed amounts
might be lower than what participants were expecting from their original pension plan.
Participants might face reductions in their retirement income, impacting their financial
security in retirement.
Uncertain Future: Participants might face uncertainty about their future financial stability.
The sudden reduction in expected pension benefits could lead to financial hardship,
especially for retirees who rely heavily on their pension income.
Search for Alternatives: Affected participants might need to seek alternative sources of
income or employment, even in their retirement years, to compensate for the reduced pension
benefits. This could impact older workers' ability to retire as planned.
20 | P a g e
Appendix One POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS - Cost of
Benefits Plans and Assumptions (Details) -
USD ($) $ in Millions
12 Months
Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31,
2022
Dec. 31,
2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Forecast | Subsequent event
Components of expense (income)
Benefit plans cost
$ (2,010)
Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Decrease in net periodic benefit cost
$ 1,985 Principal pension plans
Components of expense (income)
Service cost for benefits earned
$ 221 $ 237 $ 657 Interest cost on benefit obligations
2,069 1,951 2,350 Expected return on plan assets
(3,142)
(3,049)
(2,993)
Net actuarial loss amortization
1,422 3,483 3,399 Prior service cost amortization
5 28 146 Curtailment loss
0 0 0 Non-operating
354 2,413 2,902 Benefit plans cost
575 2,650 3,559 Principal pension plans | GE Pension Plan
Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Increase (decrease) in mortality assumptions decreased benefit plan obligations
278 Increase in principal pension plan cost assuming 25 basis point decrease in discount rate
130 Increase in principal pension benefit obligation assuming 25 basis point decrease in
discount rate
1,300 Increase in principal pension plan cost assuming 50 basis point decrease in expected return on assets
260 Other pension plans
Components of expense (income)
Service cost for benefits earned
86 233 243 Interest cost on benefit obligations
398 383 422 Expected return on plan assets
(967)
(1,194)
(1,082)
Net actuarial loss amortization
101 403 434 Prior service cost amortization
(8)
(3)
1 Curtailment loss
(6)
76 12 Non-operating
(482)
(335)
(213)
21 | P a g e
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Benefit plans cost
(396)
(102)
30 Principal retiree benefit plans
Components of expense (income)
Service cost for benefits earned
39 44 59 Interest cost on benefit obligations
108 103 150 Expected return on plan assets
0 0 (11)
Net actuarial loss amortization
(115)
(79)
(82)
Prior service cost amortization
(235)
(236)
(234)
Curtailment loss
0 0 0 Non-operating
(242)
(212)
(177)
Benefit plans cost
$ (203)
$ (168)
$ (118)
Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
5% Weighted average | Principal pension plans
Weighted-average benefit obligations assumptions
Discount rate
5.53% 2.94% 2.61% Compensation increases
3.07% 3.05% 2.95% Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Discount rate
2.94% 2.61% 3.36% Expected rate of return on plan assets
6% 6.25% Weighted average | Principal pension plans | Forecast | Subsequent event
Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Expected rate of return on plan assets
7% Weighted average | Other pension plans
Weighted-average benefit obligations assumptions
Discount rate
4.59% 1.93% 1.44% Compensation increases
2.44% 2.35% 3.06% Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Discount rate
1.93% 1.44% 1.97% Expected rate of return on plan assets
4.80% 5.69% 6.10% Weighted average | Principal retiree benefit plans
Weighted-average benefit obligations assumptions
Discount rate
5.43% 2.64% 2.15% Compensation increases
3.12% 2.63% 2.82% Initial healthcare trend rate
6.40% 5.70% 5.90% Weighted-average benefit cost assumptions
Discount rate
2.64% 2.15% 3.05% Expected rate of return on plan assets
0% 1.25% 7% Appendix Two
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS -
USD ($) $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2023
Jan. 02, 2022
Jan. 03, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
$ 452,263 $ 510,467 $ 491,296 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
80,251 72,923 65,038 Refranchising gain
(21,173)
0 0 Loss on sale/disposal of assets
1,813 1,189 2,922 Amortization of debt issuance costs
5,645 7,509 5,526 Provision for deferred income taxes
253 1,988 14,424 Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
28,709 28,670 24,244 Excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation
(2,169)
(18,911)
(60,364)
Provision for losses on accounts and notes receivable
3,536 659 2,134 Unrealized gain on investments
0 (36,758)
0 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Changes in accounts receivable
(6,333)
(8,107)
(33,334)
Changes in inventories, prepaid expenses and other
(17,059)
(9,420)
(24,959)
Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(36,605)
51,346 68,954 Changes in insurance reserves
1,507 6,216 5,544 Changes in operating lease assets and liabilities
2,174 1,210 2,592 Changes in advertising fund assets and liabilities, restricted
(17,495)
45,225 28,777 Net cash provided by operating activities
475,317 654,206 592,794 Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures
(87,234)
(94,172)
(88,768)
Proceeds from sale of assets
41,089 16 174 Purchases of franchise operations and other assets
(6,814)
0 0 Purchase of investments
0 (49,082)
(40,000)
Other
(722)
515 (333)
Net cash used in investing activities
(53,681)
(142,723)
(128,927)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
120,000 1,850,000 158,000 Repayments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations
(175,676)
(910,212)
(202,058)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
3,312 19,682 30,970 Purchases of common stock
(293,740)
(1,320,902)
(304,590)
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting
(10,720)
(6,820)
(6,803)
Payments of common stock dividends and equivalents
(157,531)
(139,399)
(121,925)
Cash paid for financing costs
(1,594)
(14,938)
0 Other
0 (244)
0 Net cash used in financing activities
(515,949)
(522,833)
(446,406)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(963)
(316)
761 Change in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents
(95,276)
(11,666)
18,222 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
148,160 168,821 190,615 Restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
180,579 217,453 209,269 23 | P a g e
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Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period
161,741 115,872 84,040 Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period
490,480 502,146 483,924 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
60,356 148,160 168,821 Restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period
191,289 180,579 217,453 Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period
143,559 161,741 115,872 Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period
$ 395,204 $ 490,480 $ 502,146 Reference
Inline XBRL Viewer. Available at:
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata
%2F0000040545%2F000004054523000023%2Fge-20221231.htm (Accessed: 23 October
2023). General Electric Co (GE) stock price & news
(no date) Google Finance
. Available at:
https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GE:NYSE (Accessed: 23 October 2023). PBGC pension insurance: We’ve got you covered
(no date) PBGC Pension Insurance: We’ve
Got You Covered | Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
. Available at:
https://www.pbgc.gov/wr/find-an-insured-pension-plan/pbgc-protects-pensions (Accessed:
23 October 2023). Team, T.I. (no date) An overview of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)
,
Investopedia
. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/06/pbgc.asp
(Accessed: 23 October 2023). 24 | P a g e
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General Motors corporate sustainability plan (2021) includes plans to:
Reduce costs through the elimination of 15,000 manufacturing jobs by 2027.
Reach 1m+ planned units of EV (electric vehicle) capacity in each of North America and China by 2025.
Add 3 million new green energy jobs by 2030
Aggressively acquire competing EV (electric vehicle) companies.
000 0
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Companies seek to expand their activities globally to achieve the following goals (choose the most accurate answer):
Question 12 options:
a)
To reach more consumers in world markets.
b)
To diversify.
c)
To lower their costs of production.
d)
To take advantage of the global product life cycle.
e)
To find new products and ideas in foreign markets.
f)
To take domestic product or service with global appeal to new market.
g)
All of the above.
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Moving to Green Computing Your organization is a leader in the development of renewable energy sources based on enhanced geothermal systems and is viewed as a champion in the fight to reduce carbon emissions. The organization employs over 25,000 people worldwide and operates three global data centers, one each in the United States, Europe, and Southeast Asia. The CEO has asked all her C level executives for input on a proposed strategy to become a leader in green computing.
Critical Thinking Questions
Identify two additional tactics the organization might take to accelerate its move toward green computing?
Identify the pros and cons or any issues associated with your proposed tactics.
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Based on Bitmovin Inc : A start up goes global case
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As a time passed by in the era of digital transformation, which causes the growth of globalization, it is undeniable that it will have a massive change impact on the development of the industrial world. The presence of advanced technology in the 4.0 era has transformed the entire sustainability of the industrial world in order to improve the competitiveness and meet the growing market demand. These demands have changed the point of view of top management so that they can guide their business continuity based on technology. PT MayorMinor is a company that has changed its strategy by using a cloud-based private ERP that integrates all departmental systems within the company, which provides benefits for the company, such as cost efficiency, paperless and communication processes easier. However, there are still some human resources that are not yet open to technological developments, which creates a large gap. Furthermore, because the system was built in-house, the applied technology still…
arrow_forward
As a time passed by in the era of digital transformation, which causes the growth of globalization, it is undeniable that it will have a massive change impact on the development of the industrial world. The presence of advanced technology in the 4.0 era has transformed the entire sustainability of the industrial world in order to improve the competitiveness and meet the growing market demand. These demands have changed the point of view of top management so that they can guide their business continuity based on technology. PT MayorMinor is a company that has changed its strategy by using a cloud-based private ERP that integrates all departmental systems within the company, which provides benefits for the company, such as cost efficiency, paperless and communication processes easier. However, there are still some human resources that are not yet open to technological developments, which creates a large gap. Furthermore, because the system was built in-house, the applied technology still…
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Please read the following short Scenario and awer the two questions given at the end
Juniper is among the world's largest manufacturer and supplier of networking equipment. The company supplies to many forms in the IT sector with equipment for
creating internet, intranet, and extranet systems, and operates globally
The main users of the equipment are the engineers who set up and maintain the systems in the client companies. These engineers will encounter problems throughout
the lifetime of the equipment- new uses for the systems will be needed, systems will crash occasionally, unforeseen circumstances will cause new problems of new
challenges on a regular basis.
Q-24,1 What Juniper can do to provide solutions about the problems to the buying organizations?
Q-24.2 How does the concept of the buying center apply to the clients of Juniper?
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1. Multinational corporations
Why do companies go global?
Multinational corporations operate in locations across the world. Each company has its own motive for its presence in different countries.
Consider the following case:
Saltwater Logistics Corp.'s domestic demand has matured and leveled off. Consequently, the firm is looking to expand its operations
overseas because it believes that its growth opportunities are more promising in foreign markets.
Which of the following best describes the reason Saltwater Logistics Corp. has decided to go global?
To seek production efficiency
To avoid political, trade, and regulatory hurdles
To broaden its markets
Now consider the case of Blue Box Crate Company. Many of Blue Box Crate Company's customers have expanded to India. Consequently, Blue Box
Crate Company has decided to expand its operations to India to better serve its customers. Blue Box Crate Company has decided to go global in order
to
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pls answer the following question.thanks
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Ee 232.
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Please answer fast I will rate for you sure....
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