FI 311 Assignment 4

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Michigan State University *

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311

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Finance

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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2

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Mark Potts FIN 311 Assignment 4 1. Discuss the four ways the book uses to manage risk and give examples. 1. Risk Avoidance: Avoiding an activity so that a financial loss cannot be incurred. Ex: An individual avoids investing a significant portion of their savings in highly volatile cryptocurrencies to prevent the possibility of a substantial financial loss. 2. Risk Reduction: Implementing activities that will result in the reduction of the frequency and/or severity of loss.  Ex: A small business owner sets up an emergency fund to reduce the financial impact of unexpected business expenses or economic downturns. 3. Risk Retention: The state of being exposed to a risk and personally retaining the potential for loss.  Ex: A homeowner chooses not to buy flood insurance in a low-risk flood zone and retains the financial risk associated with flood damage. 4. Risk Transfer: Transferring or shifting the risk of loss through means such as insurance or a warranty. Ex: A family purchases health insurance to transfer the financial risk of high medical expenses to the insurance company in the event of illness or injury. 2. Please define, explain, and give examples of peril and hazard in the context of risk management. Peril: A peril is the proximate or actual cause of loss. Could be death, disability, or property loss.  Hazard: A Hazard is a condition that creates or incrases the likelihood of a loss occurring. There are Physical Hazards, Moral Hazards, and Morale Hazards.  The immediate risk management recommendations are usually related to insurance portfolio changes because perils are event driven and can occur at any time. Peril and hazard are associated with personal risks and can destroy a perfectly thought out financial plan. For those reasons, Implementing insurance portfolio recommendations is the first priority.  Example of a Peril: Theft is a peril that can result in the loss of valuable possessions or inventory. This might change how we approach risk management going forward. In order to manage risk it would be a good idea to insure all valuable goods and pull liquid capital banks.  Example of Hazard: In insurance, a moral hazard occurs when a policyholder is more likely to take risks because they know they are insured. For example, someone might drive recklessly if they believe their insurance will cover any accidents. 
3. What are the three methods used to determine the amount of life insurance? 1. The Human Life Value Method - Used to project future earnings as the basis for measuring life insurance needs.  2. The Financial Needs Method - Evaluates the income replacement and lump-sum needs of survivors in the event of an income producer's untimely death. 3. The Capitalization of Earnings Method - Requires purchase of sufficient life insurance to provide future needs entirely from the investment income without liquidation of the capital.  4. What is personal liability insurance? Who should have it? Why? Personal liability insurance (Also known as PLUP), is a type of insurance that provides additional liability protection beyond what is typically offered by your standard homeowners, renters, or auto insurance policies. It is designed to protect you financially in the event that you are held responsible for causing bodily injury, property damage, or other covered losses to someone else, and the damages exceed the limits of your primary insurance policies.  Homeowners should have it because they have assets, such as a house and savings, that could be at risk in a lawsuit. If someone is injured on your property or you're held liable for damage to their property, personal liability coverage can help protect assets. Renters should also have it because in the event of fire or water damage to rented property that may also harm people, personal liability coverage would be able to provide additional protection.  Lastly, Auto-Owners should have personal liability insurance. If you cause a severe accident resulting in injuries or extensive property damage that exceeds your auto insurance limits, personal liability coverage would be able to bridge the gap.
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