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Running head: CAPITAL BUDGETING 1
V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting
Shannon D. Burns
FIN 550: Corporate Financial Management
Southern University of New Hampshire
December 27, 2020
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 2
The director of capital budgeting at Brittle Company wants an analysis of two proposed capital investments: Project X and Project Y. Both projects have a cost of $10,000 with a cost of capital of 12%. The main difference between the two projects is the expected net cash flows from
year 1 to year 4. Based on the information given, the financial measure Net Present Value (“NPV”), Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”), and the Modified Internal Rate of Return (“MIRR”) will be used to explore the economic feasibility of both Project X and Project Y. First, we will find the net present value for each project. Net present value helps determine the profitability of a project by taking the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value
of cash outflows over time (Kenton, 2020). As stated, both projects have an initial investment of $10,000. The using all three financial measure methods the first one to be used is the Net Present
Value method (“NPV”). NPV is represents the “present value of the project’s expected future cash-flows, discounted at the appropriate cost of capital.” (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2017)
NVP i
s used to determine the current value of all future cash-flows generated by a project, including the initial capital investment. (Jagerson, 2020)
NPV
=
R
t
(
1
+
i
)
t
Net Present Value (“NVP”) is the sum between each expected net cash-flow is calculated, and the investment is subtracted. NPV is the difference between the initial investment made in the project and the present value of future cash flows being discounted at the required rate of return on investment. For the first Project Y there is a NPV of $966, and while the second Project X has
an NPV of $631. Now, we are tasked in finding the Internal Rate of Return, (“IRR”) for each project. The Internal Rate of Return is another financial measure technique, is the discount rate that equates
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 3
the present value of the expected future cash inflows and outflows. The IRR is the annual
rate of growth an investment is expected to generate. “The IRR is calculated using the same concept as NPV, except NPV is equal to zero. 0
=
NPV
=
∑
t
=
1
T
C
t
(
1
+
IRR
)
t
−
C
0
where:
Ct = Net cash inflow during the period
C
0 = Total initial investment costs
IRR = The internal rate of return
t = The number of time periods (Fernando, 2020)
The first project, Project X has a higher IRR at 18%, while the second project, Project X has a lower IRR at 15%. Lastly, we now move to the last task of finding the Modified Internal Rate of Return, (MIRR) for each project. The Modified Internal Rate of Return “allows project managers
to change the assumed rate of reinvested growth from stage to stage in a project.” (Hayes, 2020) MIRR
=
n
√
FV
(
Positive cashflow ×Cost of capital
)
PV
(
Initial outlays×FInancing cost
)
−
1
where:
FVCF(c)
= the future value of positive cash flows at the cost of capital for the company
PVCF(fc)
= the present value of negative cash flows at the financing cost of the company
n
= number of periods MIRR assumes that flows from all projects are reinvested at the cost of capital not at the project’s own IRR, and therefore making the MIRR a better indicator of projects true profitability. (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2017) Project X has a MIRR of 15%, and Project Y has a MIRR of 14%. After completing the financial investment analysis, we will use the Profitability
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FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 4
Index (“PI”) to see which project will add more value. The Profitability Index (PI) measures the ratio between the present value of future cash flows and the initial investment.
Profitability Index
=
Present value offuturecashflow
Initialinvestment
If the PI is greater than 1, the project should generate value. (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020) The PI rule is a variation of the net present value (“NPV”) rule, therefore when the NPV is positive the Profitability Index will be greater than one. (Chen, 2020) “The higher the profitability index, the more attractive the investment.” (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020)
The profitability index for Project X is found to be 1.097 while for Project Y 1.063. Note: The Profitability Index (“PI”) differs from NPV as it is a “
ratio
, it provides no indication of the size of the actual cash flow.” (Chen, 2020) Likewise, in an Internal Rate of Return analysis the discount rate used oversimplifies the calculation process, for every project will not have the same cashflows or similar risk built in them. (Capital Budgeting Techniques, 2020) “Because of the limitation born into a one single rate discount analysis, an IRR analysis will give a vague representation, for the IRR will not reflect the changing discount rates, or projects with multiple mixture of positive as well as negative cash flows. The Net Present Value technique will have more reliable results due to its versatility. Net Profit Value will reveal precisely how profitable a project will be in comparison to alternatives. (Chen, 2020) If a project has a positive NPV the project ought to move forward. Chen, 2020) If several positive NPV options are being weighed then the one with higher discounted values should be accepted. (Chen,
2020) Therefore, Project X should be accepted.
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 5
References
Capital Budgeting Techniques. (2020). NPV vs IRR. Retrieved December 3rd, 2020, from: capitalbudgetingtechniques.com, https://www.capitalbudgetingtechniques.com/npv-vs-irr/.
CFI Education Inc. (2020). Profitability Index, The ratio between the present
value of future cash flows to the initial investment? Vancouver, BC CFI Education Inc. Retrieved December 3rd, 2020, from: corporatefinanceinstitute.com, https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/
capital-structure-overview/.
Chen, J. (2020). Profitability Index (PI) Rule. New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitability-index-rule.asp.
Ehrhart & Brigham (2017). Stock and Options. In, Corporate Finance. A Focused Approach (8
th
Ed.) Boston, MA, United States: Cengage Learning. Fernando, J. (2020). Internal Rate of Return (IRR). New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp#:~:text=IRR%20is
%20the%20annual%20rate,of%20annual%20return%20over%20time.
Hayes, A. (2020). Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR). New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from: Investopedia.com,
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 6
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mirr.asp#:~:text=The
%20Difference%20Between%20MIRR%20and%20IRR&text=The
%20modified%20internal%20rate%20of%20return%20(MIRR)
%20compensates%20for%20this,an%20inverted%20compounding
%20growth%20rate.
Jagerson, A., J. (2020). What Is the Formula for Calculating Net Present Value (NPV)? New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December
27, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032615/what-formula-
calculating-net-present-value-npv.asp.
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You are a financial analyst for the Hittle Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital investments, Projects X and Y. Each project has a cost of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each is 12% for both projects. The projects’ expected net cash flows are as follows:
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Project Y
0
-10000
-10000
1
6350
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2
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3
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In this assignment, you are required to prepare a
PowerPoint presentation reviewing 3 projects. You
will calculate the NPV, IRR, and payback period for
each project. Utilizing the capital budgeting
calculations, you will need to select the best
investment for the company. These calculations will
be based on the following scenario:
AIU Industries has 3 potential projects to consider,
all with an initial cost of $1,250,000. The company
prefers to reject any project with a 4-year cut-off
period for recapturing initial cash outflow. Given the
cost of capital rates and the future cash flow for
each project, determine which project the company
should accept.
Project AProject Project U
Cash Flow
Year 1
250,000 450,000 250,000
Year 2
250,000 450,000 400,000
Year 3
250,000
450,000 600,000
Year 4
250,000
450,000 800,000
Year 5
400,000
400,000 200,000
Year 6
400,000
400,000 800,000
Year 7
400,000 400,000 600,000
Year 8
400,000
400,000 200,000
Cost of Capital
4%
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cash flows are as follows:
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Year
Project X
Project Y
-S10,000
-$10,000
6,500
3,500
3,000
3,500
3,500
3,500
3,000
1,000
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Project
Investment Requirement
Return
$000
$000
1
24,000
5520
2
9600
3072
3
7000
980
4
4800
864
5
3200
640
6
1400
392
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_______ __________________ ___ ______ 1 200,000 19% 100,000
2 400,000 17% 20,000
3 250,000 16% 60,000
4 200,000 12% (5,000)
5 150,000 20% 50,000
6 400,000 14.5% 150,000
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Costs
Option A
Option B
Initial Investment
1,400,000
1,500,000
Year 1
35,000
25,000
Year 2
35,000
25,000
Year 3
35,000
25,000
Year 4
35,000
25,000
Year 5
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YEAR
0
CASH FLOW (A)
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1
20,000
2
70,000
3
80,000
4
400,000
CASH FLOW (B)
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18,000
12,000
18,000
19,000
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Why?
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(iii)If you apply the profitability index (PI) criterion, which investment will you choose?
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Examiner: Prof. Ebenezer Bugri Anarfo
Page 9
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0
(12,000)
(12,000)
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3,500
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3,500
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2 3 4
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65,000
40,000
30,000
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Project
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$millions)
IRR
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A
$ 10
14.0%
$ 22
Hs23Page 2 of 2Please underline final answers.
Section B
Section B
Hs23Page 2 of 2Please underline final answers.
B
$ 9
12.9%
$ 23
C
$ 11
14.1%
$ 23
Use the following information to answer the next threequestionsonly:[see next page for a blank area to do calculations.]
The firm gets 100% of its capital from common stock. The equity holder’s required rate of return is 10% and the firm’s tax rate is 0%. The project involves an immediate investment of $13,000 for the purchase and installation of equipment. The equipment will be depreciated…
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Essentials Of Investments
Finance
ISBN:9781260013924
Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,

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Foundations Of Finance
Finance
ISBN:9780134897264
Author:KEOWN, Arthur J., Martin, John D., PETTY, J. William
Publisher:Pearson,

Fundamentals of Financial Management (MindTap Cou...
Finance
ISBN:9781337395250
Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Joel F. Houston
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Corporate Finance (The Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series i...
Finance
ISBN:9780077861759
Author:Stephen A. Ross Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics Professor, Randolph W Westerfield Robert R. Dockson Deans Chair in Bus. Admin., Jeffrey Jaffe, Bradford D Jordan Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education